64 pages 2 hours read

Yumi and the Nightmare Painter

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2023

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Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary

Content Warning: This section discusses emotional abuse.

Hoid, the narrator of the Yumi and the Nightmare Painter, begins with a description of the sky of the city of Kilahito. It is always entirely black, except for one star. Under this sky, a nightmare painter named Nikaro, who thinks of himself simply as “Painter,” leaves his apartment to begin his shift. The role of a nightmare painter is to protect Kilahito from “nightmares,” which are semi-sapient creatures of darkness that enter the city when most people were asleep. It is an important job, but Hoid compares it to professions like teachers, firefighters, or nurses—it is relatively common and poorly paid.

Painter is 19 years old, pale, lanky, and has long, unkempt hair. As Painter walks to the beat he patrols, Hoid describes the hion lines overhead—they are twin lines of pure energy, one magenta and another teal, each one as thick as a wrist. The lines are essential to life in Kilahito, providing light and energy to the city. 

Painter reaches the western edge of the city and stares at the shroud—the dark, fog-like substance that covers the entire planet and causes the permanent darkness. Painter imagines he is a lone hunter of nightmares until he hears laughter. Two other nightmares painters, Akane (a pretty and friendly young woman) and Tojin (a very muscular man), briefly stop to talk to Painter. Once they have moved on, Painter once again tries to convince himself he is a solitary warrior while thinking that it would be nice if the others ask him to join them. He wonders if he will spend the rest of his life alone.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary

The book then switches to the point of view of Yumi, a young woman in another world who was chosen at birth to be the yoki-hijo or “[the] girl of commanding primal spirits” (8). Hoid says that Torio, Yumi’s land, is very different from Painter’s. Here, there is no hion, no apartments, and no eternal darkness. Instead, there is a large, scarlet sun.

Yumi wants to ask for permission to attend a celebration called the Festival of Reveals in the capital, Torio City. She wants to see what normal life is like, since hers is defined by ritual. After she wakes up, two attendants enter her wagon to feed her a breakfast of rice and stew. Then, wearing clogs to avoid stepping on the hot ground of her land and hidden by fans, she walks to a spring. Here, she is bathed using a series of soaps, following a set pattern, and then she is dressed in a gown called a tobok. After this, she is brought to the village shrine to begin 13 ritual prayers. Hoid notes that these rituals are seen as a great honor by the Torish people. He also gives more details about Yumi’s surroundings, stating that the plants do not usually touch the ground in Torio because it is extremely hot. Rather, they hover on thermal vents.

The shrine that Yumi prays in is also held off the ground by a “lifting spirit,” which is a being of energy transformed into the physical shape of two stones. As she prays, Yumi thinks about how she can ask for the chance to enjoy the Festival of Reveals while feeling guilty about wanting a life outside of being yoki-hijo. When Liyun, her warden, arrives, Yumi tries to bring up her interest in the festival, but Liyun harshly rebukes her interest in an outside life. Disheartened, Yumi asks to go to the place of ritual.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary

This chapter returns to Painter’s narrative. Painter passes Akane’s “capstone painting” of a flower while making his rounds. Each capstone painting was made by a nightmare painter and put on a wall facing out to the shroud. Painter has never been able to settle on a design.

He then notices the traces of a nightmare that had passed through. He tracks the nightmare into the city, eventually spotting it: It is a seven-foot-tall creature that looks as if it is made of ink, and it has strangely long arms.

Painter calms his emotions since nightmares are attracted to fearful or active minds. Then, he takes out his painting supplies. All painters use long brushes and black ink that is meant to mimic the look of a nightmare. The ink could make excellent gradations of grays, but Painter rarely bothers with nuance. Looking at the creature, he notices that it has a mostly indistinct form, which means it had rarely been in the city. A nightmare became increasingly solid and dangerous as it fed off people. Hoid explains that this is why nightmare painters are important but disposable—their job is rarely urgent and most nightmares are quickly caught.

Painter begins to paint a bamboo on the canvas. The nightmare notices him as he does this, but it is soon captured by the painting. The creature is transformed into black bamboo and then evaporates.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary

Back in Yumi’s land, the local geyser erupts as she walks past. The water from geysers is essential in her world. The heat from the ground makes “normal” bodies of water impossible, so most towns are built around geysers where they can gather the water. As Yumi approaches the place of ritual, she hears the crowd discussing her and reminds herself that they have no idea who she really is. She is simply a yoki-hijo to them.

Yumi enters the place of ritual and starts to stack the rocks that have been prepared for her. Hoid comments on the strangeness of stacking stones as an art but concludes that there is nothing intrinsically valuable about any kind of art. All art is given value by its perceivers.

Over the course of several hours, Yumi creates a spiral of stacked rocks, using the Fibonacci sequence as a guide. Her work is at once methodical and organic, as it aligns with mathematical principles while Yumi sways with the ritual music and feels for the unique characteristics of stones as she picks them. She dedicates herself to this task, hoping it will make up for her wish for freedom. Eventually, she manages to summon a record 37 spirits—they are teardrop-shaped, red and blue balls of energy that rise from the ground.

Supplicants from the town then approach her, one at a time. The first man asks Yumi for a light for his house; Yumi, in turn, requests this from a spirit, while picturing what she wants. The spirit turns into two glowing orbs that are given to the man. People continued to approach her, asking for essentials of life, such as stones to keep structures off the hot ground or flying devices to help farm the flying crops of Torio.

At the end of the day, Liyun approaches to offer Yumi congratulations but finds her unconscious from the strain of the work.

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary

Hoid explains that nightmares first came from the sky 17 centuries ago. Some historical accounts from that time mention that nightmares even took on the faces of people. People only survived because of hion.

At the end of his shift, Painter turns in two drawings of bamboo and is criticized by his foreman Sukishi for his laziness. Nightmare painters are meant to model the painting on the shape of the nightmare, but Painter defaulted to bamboo. Sukishi is beginning to suspect that Painter is faking drawings and slacking off on his work. Painter then goes to the restaurant the Noodle Pupil. He sits alone at the bar and begins to talk to the restaurant owner, Design. Design, Hoid explains, is not human but a spren—a sentient, spirit-like creature who also appears in Brandon Sanderson’s Stormlight Archive series. Hoid had made Design’s body.

Design and Painter talk about the importance of Painter’s job. Design then sees him look over at Akane and her friends and encourages him to go talk to them. He insists that it wouldn’t go well and leaves before she can push him into socializing, grabbing his bag from a statue of a person that the restaurant uses as a coatrack. Hoid says that this is a statue of him.

Having left the noodle shop to escape socializing, Painter finds it difficult to keep up his lies that he chooses to be alone. He thinks to himself that he is unremarkable as a person, in both skill and courage. While heading to his apartment, he notices the signs of a nightmare that has passed by. He initially ignores this as he has finished his shift, but he doubles back soon after.

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary

Hoid wants to explain his role in the events. He says that when he arrived on the planet, he was immediately frozen in place. Subsequently, he heard voices, and, later, saw images of Painter and Yumi.

He then returns to Yumi, who wakes up in her wagon at night, feeling tired and guilty for passing out. Liyun arrives and criticizes Yumi for her exceptional performance, saying it would make other towns wonder why she had not done this before. When Liyun leaves, Yumi is too angry to go back to sleep. She thinks about leaving the life of a yoki-hijo. Suddenly, she feels a presence. This presence speaks to her, and she realizes it is a spirit. It says that it understands her bindings as they are both trapped. It asks for her help and tells her that it wants to be free. The spirit says it will send someone to help her; Yumi agrees and then faints.

Part 1, Chapter 7 Summary

Painter tracks the nightmare, nearly giving up before he spots it through a window. The nightmare is tall, with lupine features and eyes; this is a sign that it is nearly stable. It looms over a child who is in a room with his parents.

Painter begins to panic, knowing this is outside of his skills. However, he sees the nightmare trailing its claws across the face of the child, leaving cuts. He decides to fight it and tries to bring out his supplies, but he draws the nightmare’s attention as he does so. It moves toward him but gets stuck in the wall, as it is not used to having as much substance as it does. This gives Painter time to draw bamboo, but this does not work, as the creature is too developed. Painter instead tries to paint an image of the boy’s mother. While painting, he discovers a beauty in the process that the monotony of drawing bamboo had taken away. Realizing it might be captured, the nightmare flees.

As Painter steps up to the window, the child begins to cry and wakes the parents. Painter urges them to relocate to another town, using a government fund that has been set up for that purpose. He then starts to go to the foreman’s office, but feeling unnaturally tired, he decides to rest first.

In his apartment, he hears a strange sound and looks toward the star. Something falls from the sky, and he loses consciousness. When Painter wakes up later, he is uncomfortably hot and thinks it is strangely bright. He notices that he is wearing strange robes and lying beside a girl, who is Yumi. She wakes up, too, and screams.

Part 1 Analysis

Part 1 of Yumi and the Nightmare Painter introduces the literary technique of the frame narrative, which Sanderson uses throughout the novel. A frame narrative is a story within a story, where an introductory narrative—which is often told by a narrator who directly addresses the reader in the second person, as Hoid does—sets the stage for a more emphasized second narrative. Using this method, Sanderson can have Hoid exposit and introduce themes explicitly while making this seem natural in the text. His presence also connects the events of Yumi and Painter’s story to the broader context of the Cosmere universe, since Hoid is a recurring character in many of Sanderson’s books that are set within the Cosmere.

Through the technique of the frame narrative, Hoid also provides worldbuilding details that provide context about Yumi and Painter’s worlds. The differences between their two worlds is an important part of the theme of The Impact of Culture and Upbringing on Identity. For example, when introducing Yumi’s world, Hoid states that “the kingdom of Torio […] couldn’t have been more different from where Painter lived” (8). The novel stresses how their radically different circumstances impact their worldviews and self-perception. Since Hoid places explicit emphasis on these differences, he draws attention to how they impact the characters. 

Another literary technique that Sanderson uses in this section is that of alternating point of view and setting in the chapters to further explore the theme of The Impact of Culture and Upbringing on Identity. Section 1 establishes how both Yumi and Painter perceive their own worlds and their place within these worlds, including their unhappiness with their situations combined with a sense of acceptance because this is the only life they know. This creates a basic interpretation of what is “normal” to each of them, and it sets the stage for how the perspective of a newcomer to their worlds might contrast with their own. By reckoning with the differences between their cultures and worlds, Yumi and Painter will eventually change their understandings of their own worlds and their personalities, and these beginning chapters set the stage for this eventual transformation.

These chapters also show how Yumi and Painter struggle to define themselves outside of their duties and responsibilities. Through this, it explores the theme of The Conflict Between Individuality and Duty. Painter attempts to hide his insecurities through the role of a nightmare painter. He has internalized his job “as few had” (4), which leads him to even take on the name Painter rather than his actual name of Nikaro. To reinforce the conflation of his identity with his societal role, Painter attempts to justify his loneliness as the consequence of being “a lone hunter. A solitary wanderer” (6). Yet, he believes that this is a façade to hide his fears and that he is a person “without the courage to do anything notable—and worse, without the skill to go underappreciated” (34). However, these chapters also hint at Nikaro’s skill and kindness as he goes out of his way to fend off a powerful nightmare, though he remains unaware of these traits. At the beginning of his character arc, Painter is a figure who aspires to be heroic but feels unimportant. This is reinforced by the unique nature of his job. A nightmare painter is someone who combats monsters, and this is a traditionally heroic action within the fantasy genre; however, it is a relatively mundane task in Painter’s world. 

Yumi defines herself by her role as a yoki-hijo, knowing that this is how her society sees her. When being gawked at, she reminds herself that “the people’s awe wasn’t for her, but for her calling” (20). As a result, she believes that she should not take too much personal pride in her work as she is just a vessel for a greater power. However, every aspect of her life is linked to the rituals of her position, and Yumi sometimes yearns to be free from these responsibilities and do things that regular people are free to do, like attend a festival. However, her attendant reprimands her harshly whenever Yumi expresses these thoughts. In essence, Yumi is imprisoned by her position as yoki-hijo, and she longs for an identity outside of it. This contrasts with Painter, who seeks to define himself by his role and worries that he does not live up to it; he wants to hide from his fears about his personality by aligning himself fully with his duty. Ultimately, Part 1 establishes that both characters are lonely and unhappy with their current situations. This status quo changes through the plot’s inciting incident: their eventual connection.

These chapters also introduce the theme of Art as a Reflection of Humanity. Hoid, who speaks from the viewpoint of an artist and storyteller, directly highlights this. He lays out the principles of art, stating that it is “Something from nothing. Creation. Beauty from Raw Materials. Art. Order from Chaos. Organization” (22). He also stresses that art’s value comes from the value that its audience ascribes to it. He celebrates the fundamentally human aspect of art and says that this allows access to Investiture, the magical force of the Cosmere. Both Yumi and Painter use art to perform fantastical feats, but they are uncertain about their relationship to the art they produce. Yumi injures herself when trying to make up for her desire for a life outside of being a yoki-hijo by excelling at her art. Nikaro, conversely, has lost all desire to create art, painting only bamboo because it requires the least effort. The novel will continue to build on the importance of the human aspects of art as Yumi and Painter develop a closer connection with their work.

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