Became President in 1865 after Lincoln's assassination, his Reconstruction policies were controversial for opposing Congressional efforts to protect African American rights. Known for his regressive stance during a pivotal post-Civil War period.

A leading African American newspaper in the early 20th century, it played a crucial role in the Great Migration by highlighting injustices in the South and encouraging movement northward for better opportunities.

A black physician who, during the Great Migration, defended his Detroit home from a violent mob, leading to a significant murder trial. His case highlighted the right to self-defense amid racial tensions.

Governor of Alabama and an advocate for segregation, remembered for his pro-Jim Crow stance and infamous speech promising continued segregation.

Former actor and U.S. President from 1981, whose conservative policies and use of coded language are discussed in the context of their impact on social and civil rights advancements.