66 pages 2 hours read

Thirteen Reasons Why

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2007

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Cassette 6: Side A-EpilogueChapter Summaries & Analyses

Cassette 6: Side A Summary

Content Warning: The following summaries and analyses contain discussions of suicide, self-harm, rape, sexual assault, and drunk driving.

Tony believes they all partially contributed to Hannah’s suicide. Tony was casual friends with Hannah at school. She came to his house one day and gave him her blue bicycle, saying that she no longer needed it and thought he could use it since his car often broke down. Hannah started crying. Tony wanted to give her something in return and she asked for a handheld voice recorder. Tony realizes now that giving away one’s belongings is a warning sign of suicide. He thinks he missed his chance to help Hannah. Clay believes that Hannah had already decided on suicide. Clay asserts that Hannah knew he would have helped her.

Tony receives the tapes in the mail. Listening to them, Tony is confused because Hannah was in class that day. Tony keeps listening, searching to see if he is on the tapes, then realizes he has the second set. Tony immediately calls Hannah’s house, gets no answer, then calls her parents’ business and tells them they need to locate her. Hannah is not in school the next day. Tony is traumatized. He follows Hannah’s wishes and ensures that everyone listens to the tapes. Clay calls his mom, lies, and says he is spending the night at Tony’s. Clay walks as he listens to the next tape.

Hannah returns to the night of the party. She wants to leave but feels weak and does not know where to go. Jenny Kurtz, the cheerleader from the Valentine’s fundraiser, offers to drive her home. Jenny is kind and does not question Hannah as they walk to Jenny’s car. Hannah feels safe and cared for.

Jenny crashes the car into a stop sign, destroying the sign. Jenny asserts that she is not drunk, and comments that nobody stops for the signs anyway, and people will be grateful it is gone. Hannah protests. She wants Jenny to park and find another ride. Jenny makes Hannah get out of the car. She will not let Hannah borrow her phone to report the downed sign because she does not want the call and accident traced to her. Hannah finds a phone at a gas station and calls the police, learning the next day that an accident had just happened.

Clay walks to the corner where there is a new, sturdier stop sign. The missing sign caused the fatal accident that Clay witnessed between the elderly man and the high school senior on the night of the party. Clay realizes that Hannah does not know that the elderly man is the one who now lives in her old house. He remembers the old man crying when the police brought him home.

Hannah considers the teen driver’s funeral and is unable to envision her own funeral because she cannot imagine what other people think about her. Jenny avoids Hannah, but Hannah knows Jenny will not forget “the repercussions.”

Cassette 6: Side B Summary

Hannah gives up on herself. Clay thinks that Hannah’s resentment and recrimination have disappeared and that her mind is made up. Hannah contemplates how to die by suicide. She does not have a gun, and she does not want to hang herself and have her parents find her. Hannah warns her listeners not to tell her parents the truth if they think she died accidentally. Hannah decides to take pills, and wonders what kind and how many. She plans to die the next day. Clay knows Hannah died from an overdose, but there were additional rumors speculating that she drew a bath and passed out and drowned in it, or died before she got in the bath and the bathroom flooded.

Hannah envisions her last day alive: mailing the tapes to Justin Foley and going to school, conscious that it is her last day even though others are unaware. She wonders what final things people will do and say to her. Clay believes that he must have smiled, because he has tried smiling at her every day since the party. Clay realizes that the last things they said to each other were “I’m sorry” when they bumped into each other in the hall. He recalls Hannah’s fingernails were painted blue as she walked down the hall away from him.

On one of her last weekends alive, Hannah house-sits for a family friend. There is a loud party nearby at Courtney Crimson’s house. Hannah turns up the bedroom television to drown out the music. She cries, feeling like she was again hiding in the closet at the other party. After the party ends, Hannah goes for a walk to see if any intoxicated partygoers need a ride.

At Courtney’s house, Bryce calls to her over the fence. He and Courtney are relaxing in the hot tub in their underwear. He invites her over. Hannah knows she should not go because Bryce treats girls terribly. Hannah decides to join them. Clay thinks this was a self-destructive act.

Hannah, though she does not trust Bryce or Courtney, strips to her underwear and gets in the hot tub. Bryce moves next to her and touches her leg. Courtney first closes her eyes, then leaves. Listening, Clay violently grabs a rusty fence and cuts his hands. Bryce’s hand moves around Hannah’s breasts, her belly, and lower. He fingers her. Hannah says she is “done fighting” and does not try to stop him. Hannah has always fought against her false reputation but now deliberately gives in to it. Although Bryce disgusts her and she cries and tightens her jaw, she allows Bryce to have sex with her so that she can erase herself. When Bryce is finished, Hannah leaves.

Clay goes to a gas station, purchases alcohol and band aids, and painfully cleans his cut fingers.

Cassette 7: Side A Summary

Clay plans to spend the night in Eisenhower Park. He climbs up the rocket slide where Hannah’s story first began.

Hannah makes one last effort to get help, knowing that she cannot solve her problems by herself. She talks to Mr. Porter, her English teacher and guidance counselor. Hannah tapes her conversation with Mr. Porter. Clay panics: he does not want Mr. Porter knowing about him or anyone else on the tapes.

Hannah confides that she feels “empty” inside. Hannah says that she has no friends, and it is difficult for her to even talk to him. When Mr. Porter asks what she wants to change about her life, Hannah declares that she “[needs] everything to stop. People. Life” (272). Mr. Porter recognizes the seriousness of this comment. Hannah says it is hard for her to be constantly on guard and wondering who is going to “get [her] next” (274).

Clay shouts at Mr. Porter to help Hannah, and shouts at Hannah to tell him the truth. He sticks his head through the bars in the rocket ship until it hurts.

Hannah explains that rumors from years ago continue to impact her life. Hannah describes an event after a party involving a boy. Mr. Porter learns that while no alcohol or drugs were involved on her part, something happened that she regrets. Hannah does not think it was rape, because of “circumstances.” Mr. Porter asks if she wants to press charges, and when Hannah says no, he asks what she wants to happen. When Hannah hopefully asks what her options are, Mr. Porter lists two, since she will not press charges: confront the boy with Mr. Porter mediating their meeting, or “move on.” Hannah thinks “moving on” means doing nothing. Hannah rushes to leave. Mr. Porter urges her to stay, but Hannah says she needs to “get on with it” (279). Mr. Porter does not follow her. Hannah believes that she was transparent in her intent and has learned that no one cares enough about her to stop her from ending her life. She apologizes and turns off the recorder. Clay cries but is also angry because he did not understand what she was going through and would have helped her.

Cassette 7: Side B Summary

Clay lets the tape flip over and continue playing. He closes his eyes and listens to the static and feels the night breeze. He finally starts to relax. He hears another click over the headphones. Hannah’s voice says, “Thank you.”

Exhausted and sore, Clay does not want to go to school the next day but realizes that he will have to face everyone else from the tapes sometime. Clay is late to school because he mails the tapes to Jenny—knowing they will permanently alter her life—and because he does not want to go to English class and see Mr. Porter or Hannah’s empty seat. Clay regrets that he did not know Hannah’s feelings toward him and regrets believing rumors about her. He lost all his chances to know Hannah.

At his locker outside Mr. Porter’s room, Clay remembers seeing Hannah for the last time. A boy comes out of class, bumps into Skye Miller, and greets Clay. Skye murmurs an apology; the boy ignores her. Skye catches Clay’s eye but keeps walking. Clay remembers seeing her on the bus the night before and how he was going to talk to her, but how she keeps away from people. Clay wants to ignore Skye now but sees a parallel between Skye and Hannah walking away from him. He goes after Skye. Clay feels painful mixed emotions, but also feels hopeful. He calls Skye’s name.

Cassette 6: Side A-Epilogue Analysis

Hannah’s mental health crisis intensifies and her suicidal ideations become fixed. Themes of death, the power of reputation and rumors, the trauma of sexual objectification, and the importance of weighing every action come to fruition. The novel ends on a note of hope as Clay embraces his learnings from Hannah’s personal elegy and reaches out to Skye Miller.

Jenny’s car accident adds to Hannah’s feelings of guilt and self-loathing. She says that the idea of disappearing into the mist on the night of the accident, “made me so happy” (252). Hannah now views death as a positive solution to her unhappiness. The revelation about Clay’s involvement in the fatal accident that follows indirectly connects Clay’s past with Hannah’s and contributes to the contrapuntal sense of their intertwined narratives.

Hannah’s desire to give up on herself reveals her underlying mental health conditions. Hannah believes, incorrectly, that she is the last and only person who cares about her, and feels unable to cope with her life. Hannah cannot even envision her funeral because she does not truly know how others feel about her: “I had…I have…no idea what you think of me” (249). Hannah imagining in the past an event that has not yet happened in the future underscores the complex temporal layers of the novel which make characters feel as though they can “rewind” the past or control the future. Hannah’s frequent, though abstract, thoughts of suicide become concrete: She now articulates the word “suicide,” plans her method of dying, and sets a date. This crystallizes a point in time around which the novel’s past, present and future hinges.

Although Hannah claims to use Bryce to take her to the lowest point of her life, Hannah never gives verbal consent to Bryce to have sex. Bryce rapes Hannah. Hannah shows her unwillingness nonverbally, through her tears and clenched jaw, and Bryce ignores the signs of her discomfort. In an interview with PBS News Hour, Asher comments specifically on this scene, saying that “[i]n both the book and the TV show, I don’t have Hannah say no. Boys are taught ‘no means no,’ but quite often in those situations a girl is afraid to say no. I wrote that scene with boys in mind. I wanted them to know sexual assault is wrong no matter what” (Strum, Lora. “Banning Books Like ’13 Reasons Why’ Makes it Harder for Teens to Open Up to Adults, Author Says.” PBS News Hour, 28 September 2017). Hannah’s consciously “graphic” description of the rape is both a twist of the knife for Clay and the other listeners and part of Asher’s didactic intentions for this scene. It intentionally causes discomfort.

Mr. Porter is the most significant example of the inaction of adults in the novel. When Hannah confides in Mr. Porter, the final name on her list, she reveals that she is not quite ready to give up completely. Mr. Porter, unfortunately, categorically fails Hannah. Hannah’s recording of their conversation offers factual evidence—not just her personal opinion—that she shares her suicidal thoughts, and that Mr. Porter acknowledges and recognizes her intent to self-harm but does not offer tangible assistance. This is the only point in the novel in which Hannah offers physical evidence beyond testimony, which emphasizes the official nature—and therefore the legal implications of the failings—of Mr. Porter’s position. As a guidance counselor, Mr. Porter has the power, professional training, and legal mandate to facilitate help for Hannah by offering her mental health resources and support and communicating with Hannah’s parents for a mental health intervention. Both options that he gives her are inappropriate for the level of danger Hannah presents to herself.

Mr. Porter’s inaction shows readers the importance of acting immediately when one suspects that someone may be thinking of suicide. Simultaneously, however, one criticism of this point in the book is that readers may also interpret Mr. Porter’s inaction as evidence of the futility of reaching out to an adult and asking for help. Hannah leaves her meeting with Mr. Porter blaming him, and everyone else, for their inaction.

Hannah’s tapes change Clay’s perspective on life. He understands both the finality of death and the importance of even the smallest actions. The ending of the novel offers a culmination of his character development: Clay takes Hannah’s message to heart, recognizes the danger that Skye may be facing, and takes action—at last—to connect with and help her.

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