An ancient Greek philosopher whose ideas on the separation of art and politics are critiqued by Boal, influencing Boal’s arguments on theater’s role in societal issues.

A German playwright whose Marxist-oriented theater techniques, focusing on breaking barriers between actors and the audience, inspire Boal's concepts.

A Brazilian educator and philosopher whose theories on critical pedagogy and empowerment of the oppressed through participatory learning strongly influence Boal's approaches to theater.

A German philosopher whose ideas on transformative consciousness and the concept of "epic" contrast with Brecht’s theatrical approaches, contributing to Boal’s techniques.

An Italian philosopher and political figure whose ideas on power and his play "La Mandragola" are examined by Boal in relation to political maneuvers and theater.