The Tragedy of Mariam

The Tragedy of Mariam, Fair Queen of Jewry recounts actual historical events surrounding the execution of Mariam, the second wife of Herod the Great. Written by Elizabeth Cary, the Viscountess Falkland, this five-act play published in 1613 is unique in several ways—chiefly, in that it is the first English-language play authored and published by a woman. Multiple tragedies occur in the drama, which falls into the genre of a Senecan revenge tragedy. It’s also a “closet drama,” meaning that it was more likely read individually or by a small group than performed on stage. Though the play experienced minimal fame for centuries after its publication, there has been a resurgence of interest in it since 1970, due in part to its reflections on feminist issues, misogyny, and class struggle.

Plot Summary

The Tragedy of Mariam takes place in Jerusalem during a single day in 29 BCE. Rumors have spread throughout the city that Herod the Great, who has ruled as the King of Judea for nine years, has been executed. He traveled to Rome to answer charges before Caesar Augustus (Octavius) that he murdered two men who rightfully should have ascended the Jewish throne before him.