The Summer of the Swans

Being 10 in 1970, Charlie lived during a period in which families were encouraged to enroll their children in private facilities or state schools should they receive a diagnosis for intellectual disability. These individuals were often institutionalized as children or even infants, many of whom spent their entire lives in facilities. Support services were not in place to ensure the successful integration of people with intellectual disabilities into their local communities (local schools in particular). Without a support system, individuals with more severe needs were often left in the care of families unable to provide for them at home, considering the finances for such an endeavor—let alone the education and skills required. Because Charlie is considered high-functioning and his circumstances allow for it, he’s fortunate enough to be an exception to the novel’s historical context. Though Charlie’s protected by his family as fiercely as they’re able, particularly by Sara, he still endures the occasional show of ignorance and intolerance.