The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness

The opening chapter describes Montgomery’s first encounter with Athena, the first of several octopuses she writes about in the book. It begins with her visit to Athena’s home at the New England Aquarium in Boston, Massachusetts. Montgomery is accompanied by aquarist Scott Dowd, who introduces her to the two-and-a-half-year-old giant Pacific octopus.

Early in the chapter, Montgomery addresses the image of octopuses in Western culture—that of monsters. From Icelandic folklore of the 13th century to Hollywood horror films of the 20th century, octopuses have been portrayed as demonic and destructive sea creatures. Countering such concepts, Montgomery describes Athena as “beautiful and benign as an angel” (7), though she admits few creatures are as different from humans as an octopus. It has no backbone and its head is between its body and limbs; it can instantly change shape, color, and texture; and 60% of its neurons are in its arms rather than its brain.

Octopuses, we learn, have rather varied personalities, setting themselves apart as individuals. Likewise, they discern different people and show their like or dislike of them, altering their behavior accordingly. Although research has proven this, it remains somewhat controversial, as many scientists are reluctant to allow for animals even having personalities, let alone thoughts or feelings.