A Canadian media theorist famous for coining the phrase “the medium is the message” and theorizing about the electronic media's effects, laying groundwork that relates to modern Internet discourse.

Inventor of the movable type printing press in the 15th century, whose innovation drastically changed the production and dissemination of printed media and reading practices.

A Nobel Prize-winning psychiatrist and neuroscientist whose research on memory and learning, particularly through Aplysia experiments, explores how repeated behaviors affect brain physiology.

British mathematician and computer scientist who theorized the universal machine, contributing significantly to the development of computer science and cryptanalysis during World War II.

A mechanical engineer known for developing scientific management techniques in industrial settings, emphasizing efficiency and productivity.

Co-founder of Google and developer of its search engine, which redefined information retrieval on the Internet, influencing human cognition and learning.

A German computer scientist who developed the ELIZA program, an early psychological simulation that sparked debates on artificial intelligence and human judgment.