An ancient philosopher and founder of Buddhism, known for his ideas on enlightenment and the end of suffering through the "middle way" and meditation. He is frequently referenced by Tolle as a spiritual teacher whose perspectives are integrated into Tolle's own philosophy.

A first-century Jewish religious figure central to Christianity, who Tolle interprets as a man with deep spiritual insights into consciousness and presence. Tolle explores his teachings alongside those of Buddha, finding parallels in their messages.

A 14th-century German theologian and mystic known for his unique views on God and existence, some of which were controversial within the Christian tradition. Tolle draws on Eckhart's ideas about time as a barrier to enlightenment and may have been personally influenced by him.