56 pages 1 hour read

The Phoenix Crown: A Novel

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2024

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Part 1, Chapters 11-16Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “Act I”

Part 1, Chapter 11 Summary: “April 16, 1906”

Gemma enjoys allowing her bird to fly in Henry’s conservatory and having the opportunity to practice every day. George accompanies her during practice, and they learn about each other’s lives, such as his family and her migraines. The day before her San Francisco debut at Henry’s “midnight ball,” she confesses to George that she’s nervous. George warns her about Henry, and Gemma assures George that she’s not expecting a long-term, serious relationship with him. They chat about Argentinian food, and Gemma wishes she could join George for dinner instead of going to the Palace Grill with Henry that night. After George leaves, Suling arrives with the dragon robe, and Gemma compliments her work repairing it. Suling sees Nellie’s drawing, which depicts Suling both in and out of her disguise as a boy. When Gemma asks if she modeled for Nellie, Suling says that Reggie drew the picture.

Part 1, Chapter 12 Summary

Gemma and Suling realize that Nellie and Reggie are the same person. Up until this point, Reggie’s gender has not been stated, but it becomes clear that Reggie is a woman at the beginning of this chapter. Suling tells Gemma that Henry was Reggie’s patron and lover, but that she left right before her exhibition opened. Gemma is upset that Henry lied when she asked if he’d seen Nellie. Suling breaks “the red silk cord” (150) that holds Reggie’s ring around her neck and throws it in the trash. Gemma retrieves it and explains that it is a cheap ring because she and Reggie were very poor, but it belonged to Reggie’s mother, so it is precious. Suling questions the idea that Reggie would go off to Colorado, pointing out that her letter to Gemma is typed, not handwritten. Gemma realizes that the letter is addressed to her stage name, Gemma, rather than her real name, Sally. This too suggests that the letter is not authentic. Suling and Gemma worry about what Henry has done.

Gemma calls for a servant to ask questions about Nellie/Reggie, and Suling advises that they talk to Kathleen. When Kathleen arrives, Gemma claims to be seeking another piece of art by the person who made the sketch. They learn that a footman named Jonathan was fired after Nellie/Reggie left. After Kathleen leaves, they search the room for clues. Gemma suggests they search Henry’s office for evidence of money paid to hide Nellie/Reggie. The only opportunity for this will be during Gemma’s performance with the Met that night. Gemma describes where she saw a servant hide the key to Henry’s office, and Suling agrees to look while Henry is distracted at the opera and leave a note for Gemma. As she heads back to Chinatown, Suling thinks about how she won’t leave San Francisco until she finds Reggie.

Part 1, Chapter 13 Summary: “April 17, 1906”

Gemma fakes a migraine to get out of dinner with Henry. As a maid helps her get ready the next day, she worries about Reggie. When she arrives for rehearsal at the Grand Opera House, everyone is cold to her. She sees the leads, Enrico Caruso and Olive Fremstad, arguing on stage. The conductor tells her she is singing the part of Micaela in Carmen that night. Gemma remembers asking Henry to buy her a role and realizes he did. This causes the other cast and crew members to make snide remarks about her. Gemma tells George that she didn’t know this was happening, and there are roses with a card that says “Surprise!” (163) from Henry. Olive is impressed rather than angry, but she warns Gemma not to upstage her.

Part 1, Chapter 14 Summary: “April 17, 1906”

Suling goes on the laundry delivery route with Old Kow. She is short with him because she is worried about Reggie. When she gets home, Third Uncle is angry that she lied about where she was working. She says she doesn’t want to marry Dr. Ouyang. Third Uncle tears up her train ticket, slaps her, and demands she get ready to have dinner with the doctor. In her room, she discovers that Third Uncle hasn’t discovered her stash of money, only the ticket. Taking the money and a few other items, she prepares to climb out of the window.

Suling recalls introducing Reggie to Madam Ning, who liked Reggie, believing her to be different from other white girls. Madame Ning told Suling about the history of LBGT+ relationships in Chinese history and said she approved of Suling loving another woman, if it makes her happy.

Suling recalls Reggie suggesting they pose as roommates in order to live together. Suling countered that they would be more convincing if Suling was Reggie’s maid, due to racism. Reggie insisted that her friends accept Suling as her lover, refusing to be friends with racists.

In the present, Suling uses her sheets as a rope and runs to Henry’s octagon house. Once inside, she finds the key to Henry’s office and searches inside. She discovers that he makes donations to all Protestant institutions, except for one: St. Christina’s. This Catholic asylum gets recurring monthly payments with the initials R.R. in check stubs. Suling fears Henry is paying to keep Reggie locked up there. After leaving a note for Gemma, Suling heads to the asylum.

Part 1, Chapter 15 Summary: “April 17, 1906”

At the end of the opera, Gemma feels disappointed with her performance. Caruso advises her to work on being less nervous, and says he plans to visit Henry’s party. Henry himself rushes off after the performance to finish preparations for the party, but he leaves a driver for Gemma and George. When Gemma is in her room at Henry’s house, she finds Suling’s note. Gemma berates herself for not investigating the letter earlier and feels horrible over “Nellie in her cage” (181). When the maid brings her the dragon robe, Gemma recalls Henry telling her that his collection of Chinese items was supplied by looters. She refuses to wear it. Henry comes into her room after she’s put on a different dress. He demands that she wear the Phoenix Crown, and she agrees.

Part 1, Chapter 16 Summary

Suling runs to St. Christina’s Convent and demands to see Reggie/Nelly, calling her by both names. Sister Margaret sends Suling away, calling her racist names and threatening to call the police. Suling sits across the street in a portico of a church and cries. Suling recalls talking to Madam Ning about some sex workers who are lesbians. She and Madame Ning are bound by a red silk thread, and Suling thinks she has the same kind of connection with Reggie.

Part 1, Chapters 11-16 Analysis

This section of Act I begins with the revelation that Reggie and Nellie are the same person and ends with the last chapter before the earthquake hits. The authors avoid using any pronouns when referring to Reggie in the first section of the novel, and the name Reggie—a chosen name the character continues to use as she moves forward in her life—does not necessarily indicate any gender. Madam Ning refers to Reggie as a “white devil”—an expression that conjures masculine imagery without being explicitly gendered. These details misleadingly imply that Reggie is male, obscuring the fact that both Suling and Gemma know Reggie. Reggie’s identity is revealed through her drawing of Suling, which shows Suling dressed as a girl and dressed as a boy. Reggie draws the two versions of Suling with “The same face” (145). Suling’s cross-dressing is part of how the authors lead the reader to believe that Reggie is male. The patriarchy conditions readers to assume a male character is the default romantic partner for a female character, and the authors use this conditioning to hide Reggie’s identity and develop the theme of Sexism and Intersectional Oppression of Women. Though both characters identify and understand themselves as cisgender women, Reggie and Suling consciously use the performance of gender to shape how they are perceived and treated by the patriarchal society around them.

Discovering Reggie/Nellie’s dual names, and her role as Henry’s mistress, causes Gemma to think twice about the letter that Reggie supposedly sent her. It was addressed to Gemma, her stage name, not her given name: “Sally, a name between friends, which Reggie had shared with Suling” (149). This clue reveals that Henry sent the letter while pretending to be Reggie, using the only name he knew. They eventually discover that he paid to have Reggie locked up in a mental institution. Both Gemma and Suling fear for Reggie because being trapped in a cell is a fate worse than death for her: “locking her in a madhouse—trapping Nellie inside bleak colorless walls, no vibrant vistas to paint, no palette knives and brushes at her disposal…she would rather, Gemma knew, be dead” (180-81). This develops the theme of The Relationship Between Art and Trauma. Reggie needs her freedom to be able to create paintings. For years, even after being freed, Reggie is unable to paint seriously. Her cage at the asylum shuts off her artistic flow.

This section develops the relationship between Class, Labor, and Gender. At first, Henry’s patronage gives Gemma the ability to spend most of her time perfecting her craft. She thinks, “You couldn’t live for art when you were consumed by the difficulty of everyday living […] How could you practice two hours a day when you had to work ten hours a day to get your bills paid?” (136). Since most forms of art do not reliably generate a livable income, the time to practice art is a form of privilege. Working-class people like Suling and Gemma spend the majority of their time working for the money they need to survive. Gemma’s talent and dedication eventually allow her to carve out a living as an artist, but it’s a precarious living. Henry has leisure time, but he has no artistic talent (nor willingness to hone a craft). The authors bring attention to not only the benefits of the patronage system, but also its flaws. After Gemma performs with her opera company, Henry’s attitude toward her changes. When he criticizes her, it was like “she was an employee getting a mild reprimand […] Only after he’d gotten what he wanted did he get out this tone, the tone of an employer calling a paid subordinate to heel” (184). In the beginning, Henry is full of praise. After he uses Gemma to improve his reputation as a patron of the arts, he starts critiquing her singing, despite lacking any talent himself.

Several symbols are also developed in this section. Suling wears Reggie’s ring on a “red silk cord” (150) around her neck. In Chinese culture, red silk thread symbolizes connections between people that are blessed by the gods and unbreakable. For instance, red silk threads can be used in weddings. The authors include this symbol to demonstrate how a romantic relationship between two women is just as enduring and meaningful as a heterosexual relationship, even though in this era they cannot access the official sanction that comes with marriage. The symbolism of fire is also developed in this section. The real-life opera singer Olive Fremstad tells Gemma that “A real diva needs to be willing to burn things up” (165). Fire’s destructive power is portrayed as positive as well as negative. The negative elements come in the next section, after the earthquake. Here, a fiery temperament and cutthroat attitude are characteristics that singers should cultivate in order to succeed. Furthermore, Gemma applies this advice to Henry. After learning he locked up Reggie, she thinks, “I’m going to burn this thing between us to the ground” (185). Unlike the fires that destroy the city, destroying her relationship with Henry is positive because he betrayed Reggie and murders people.

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