A 19th-century physician known for his pseudoscientific theories that exemplify the use of scientific racism to control and define marginalized groups.

A British planter whose diary documents slavery in colonial Jamaica, serving as an example of the moral degradation in societies that practice Othering.

An American abolitionist most famous for her novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin," which Morrison critiques for its romanticized depiction of slavery.

A Southern Gothic writer whose short story "The Artificial N*" is analyzed by Morrison to discuss the educational component of racism and the process of Othering.

An autobiographer whose narrative of escaping slavery in Bermuda provides insight into the brutal realities of the institution and the process of Othering.

An autobiographer who shares her experiences of slavery, illustrating the violence and moral corruption inherent in the Othering process.

An American author known for his portrayal of the Southern experience, whose use of skin color in storytelling is critiqued by Morrison for perpetuating racial narratives.

An iconic American novelist whose stylistic use of colorism demonstrates how the sociopolitical zeitgeist can be embedded in literary narratives.

A World War II veteran whose experience of racial violence post-service exemplifies the terrifying racial climate of 20th-century America.

An enslaved woman whose tragic story inspired Morrison's novel "Beloved," serving as a lens to explore complex humane and inhumane choices within the context of slavery.

An African author whose novel "The Radiance of the King" inverts the Othering process by portraying a European protagonist as the Other, exploring broader themes of belonging and exile.