72 pages 2 hours read

The Old Curiosity Shop

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1840

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Chapters 56-61Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 56 Summary

Two days after Quilp’s meeting with the Brasses at the Wilderness, Dick returns to work. Mr. Chuckster calls at the office to visit Dick, as they are members of the same gentlemen’s club, the Glorious Apollers. Chuckster wants to discuss the single gentleman, but Kit’s arrival with a letter for the gentleman interrupts their conversation.

Sally and Sampson return to the office, and Sampson insists on a private conversation with Kit. He gives Kit some coins and strongly implies the money is meant to buy Kit’s silence about the single gentleman.

Chapter 57 Summary

Kit regularly brings messages to the single gentleman from Mr. Garland. Whenever Mr. Garland himself visits, Kit waits outside with the horse. Sampson uses this time to earn Kit’s trust. On more than one occasion, Sampson offers Kit more coins, which Kit accepts.

One afternoon, while the Brasses are out, Dick encounters the servant girl. She came upstairs to spy at the keyhole out of curiosity. Dick offers to teach her how to play cribbage; he soon learns she has never tasted beer and that she hardly gets to eat, so he sends out for some food and beer to enjoy together. The girl reveals that she does not know her own name, having only been called “little devil” by Sally, or how old she is. Dick names her the Marchioness, and they begin to become friends.

Chapter 58 Summary

The Marchioness turns out to be very good at cards. Dick’s theatrics initially catch her off guard, but he quickly adjusts his behavior to make her feel more comfortable. The Marchioness reveals that Sally is the true head of things in the Brasses’ lives and business and that she is surprisingly authoritarian with even her brother. She also tells Dick that both Brasses told her not to trust him. The next day, Sally asks Dick about some missing coin and other valuables around the office, and Dick immediately worries for the Marchioness’s safety. Sampson leaves a five-pound bill out in the open as a test. As they sit, Sally suddenly recalls Kit’s frequent visits to the house and office, and she suggests he is to blame for the thefts. Sampson expresses doubts about Kit’s potential to be a thief.

Chapter 59 Summary

Kit visits the single gentleman. When he leaves, he has a brief private conversation with Sampson about his job and his family. Sampson leaves Kit alone in the office so he can talk to Dick and Sally; during this time, Kit gets up to leave. Sampson realizes the five-pound bill is gone and, thinking Kit stole it, runs outside after him. Kit does not know why Sampson is chasing him, so he also begins to run. Dick catches up to him and holds him while Sampson searches Kit’s pockets. They find no evidence to support Sally’s accusations until Dick looks inside the brim of Kit’s hat and finds the bill. Sampson summons a constable.

Chapter 60 Summary

When the constable comes, Kit swears he is innocent. The single gentleman comes outside to see the commotion, and Sampson tells him what happened before Kit has a chance to explain himself. Kit asks to see Mr. Witherden at the notary’s office so he can talk to the Garlands. As they drive, Kit sees Quilp leering at him from a tavern window. Sampson tells Quilp what happened, and he taunts Kit viciously.

At the notary, Sampson tells the Garlands about the thefts. Kit again proclaims innocence, saying the only coins he ever took from Sampson were the ones he willingly gave him. Sampson lies about ever giving Kit any money, insisting that Kit is indeed the thief. At the justice room, the single gentleman waits for their arrival. The court convenes a grand jury, which determines there is enough evidence to bring Kit to trial, and he is taken to prison in the meantime.

Chapter 61 Summary

While he is in jail, Kit wonders what Nell would think if she ever found out about his imprisonment. Kit’s mother and Barbara’s mother come to visit him; they all cry together. Kit’s mother firmly asserts her belief in Kit’s innocence and persuades the guards to let her feed Kit a little bit of the food she brought from home. Back in the yard, one of the guardsmen approaches Kit with a pint of good ale, a gift from Dick Swiveller.

Chapters 56-61 Analysis

Dick’s growing relationship with the Marchioness is one of the most significant developments in this section of the novel. He names her, feeds her, and teaches her a new skill. Now that he is free of Fred’s and Quilp’s influences, Dick becomes more of his own person, and the reader can see his true character more clearly than before. He is dissatisfied with his work at the Brasses’ office, and he disapproves of their suspecting Kit of being a thief. When he first hears of the missing money and other valuables, his first concern is that they will think the Marchioness is guilty of the crimes, and he worries that he will not be able to protect her.

Dick’s name for the Brasses’ servant, the Marchioness, is both amusing and potentially spot-on. A marchioness is the wife or widow of a marquess—a noble that ranks above an earl but below a duke. As the Marchioness’s age and background is entirely unknown to her, she could be from any type of family, either high or lowborn. In the early editions of the novel, Dickens wrote that the Marchioness was in fact Sally’s illegitimate daughter; a grain of this idea carried forward into later editions, though Sampson chalks it up to rumor. However the Marchioness came to be in their household, she displays remarkable cunning and wit—her intellect recalls Miss Edwards from the girls’ school. What is most important about Dick’s bond with the Marchioness is that he pursues it for no personal gain. He saw how mistreated she was at the hands of the Brasses, and he decided to do whatever he could to improve her life. He extends this same compassion to Kit—when Kit is jailed for a crime he did not commit, Dick sends him a pint as a goodwill gesture, and it gives Kit hope.

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