56 pages 1 hour read

The Man In The Iron Mask

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1850

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Symbols & Motifs

Forgery & Fakery

The most notable instances of forgery in the novel are the release orders for Philippe. Aramis obtains the initial order for Seldon under false pretenses, then switches it with a fake for Philippe. When he returns to imprison Louis, Aramis destroys the fake orders to cover his tracks. When Colbert schemes to turn the king against Fouquet, he presents documentation of financial crimes, which later turned out to be falsified. Colbert also passes off an old letter as a new one, pretending that it is an attempt by Fouquet to steal away La Valliere. The forgeries and the faked documents are common tools the antagonists use to push their plans forward. Aramis is especially adept at passing off forgeries as genuine, mainly because of his rank in the Catholic Church. When Baisemeaux rightly questions the legitimacy of the order to release Philippe, Aramis creates a new order right in front of him, which states that he has to follow the forged order. Later, when Fouquet comes to rescue Louis from the Bastille, Baisemeaux again questions his orders’ legitimacy, and Fouquet begins writing orders to have Baisemeaux arrested. These new orders written on the fly are legitimate, but since they protect a forgery, the reader is left to question how legitimate they are.

The Iron Mask

Historically, iron does not rank high amongst the most valued metals. Gold, silver, and even copper surpass it in aesthetic preference. Gold does not corrode, and if one cares for them well, silver and copper maintain their beauty, and all are much rarer than iron. Iron is valued for its strength and durability; metaphorically, iron is more of a workhorse than a show-pony. In the Christian Bible, iron is frequently seen as a tool of war, punishment, or justice—“Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron. Thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel” (Psalm 2:9). Philippe’s punishment of wearing a full-coverage iron mask serves two symbolic purposes: one, the mask covers his entire face and head, making it impossible for him to be identified or confused with King Louis ever again; two, the iron metal the mask is made out of is strong, so it will survive his incarceration with minimal care needed. The iron is also not considered a “precious” metal, so it has little financial value; if Philippe ever did manage to escape, he would find it difficult to sell the mask to finance his freedom.

The Squirrel and the Adder

Chapter XLI is titled “In Which the Squirrel Falls, In Which the Adder Flies.” Symbolically, the animals referenced in this chapter title do hold significant meanings. Squirrels are often characterized as having playful demeanors as they skitter about and chatter with their companions. Adders, however, represent what most snakes do in literature, which is transformation. Furthermore, as snakes often coil up or constrict around prey, they sometimes symbolize restrictions or a tightening of control. Chapter XLI’s title uses this animal imagery to refer to King Louis XIV, as this chapter sees the first glimpses of his absolute rule. Before he was kidnapped, Louis could be compared to a squirrel, as he was more interested in play than work. Now, having matured, one may compare him to a snake. He shed the skin of his youthful ignorance to step into the more involved rule he envisions for France. His transition to absolute power is like a snake constricting its prey as King Louis tightens his control over his government and military.

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