The first Indigenous person to manage the Office of Indian Affairs, Parker was of Seneca lineage and played significant roles both in the Civil War and within governmental positions concerning Indigenous rights.

Leader of the Nez Perce tribe known for his poignant speech in Washington, D.C., depicting the struggles and hopes of Indigenous peoples during an era of forced displacement.

Credited with constructing the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, Pratt was instrumental in the movement to assimilate Indigenous people through education, using methods developed during his work with captured Indigenous combatants.

A Republican senator from Massachusetts, Dawes is best known for the Dawes Act, which aimed to assimilate Indigenous people by allotting reservation lands for farming.

Commissioner of Indian affairs from 1933 to 1945, Collier advocated for Indigenous rights through the Indian Reorganization Act, which aimed to reverse destructive policies and empower tribes.

A member of the Pima tribe and a World War II veteran, Hayes is remembered for raising the American flag on Iwo Jima and the struggles he faced upon returning home from the war.

An Oglala Lakota activist and prominent figure in the American Indian Movement, Means was involved in key protests and confrontations with the U.S. government during the 1970s.