55 pages 1 hour read

The Disreputable History of Frankie Landau-Banks

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2008

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Chapters 14-22Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 14 Summary: “A Garlic Knot”

The next morning, Alpha knocks on Frankie’s door at 10 o’clock, waking her. He invites her to go with him and Matthew for pizza. Frankie reminds him she’s not allowed to leave campus, but he tells her no one will know. In the car, Alpha mentions frozen custard, and Frankie realizes that he does remember meeting her. 

When they arrive at the restaurant, they see a sign that says there will be no pizza until noon, so Alpha orders a dozen garlic knots. Frankie overhears Alpha bet Matthew that Frankie won’t eat one because they’re so garlicky. Equating an appetite for food with sexual appetite, Alpha says that women aren’t “voracious.” When he says that some women will eat half a frozen custard and then give the rest away, Frankie realizes he’s disappointed in her. He thinks she doesn’t go after what she wants. Matthew says that if eating half of one’s food makes one a woman, then Dean’s a woman, and Alpha laughs, agreeing. Although garlic nauseates her, Frankie eats a knot in two bites. 

Later, Frankie talks to Zada about Matthew and says he wants to show her around his hometown. Zada says this is “classic” Matthew. She says that when he likes someone, he acts “insanely welcoming.” Zada believes he does this to lessen others’ anxiety about his social position even though it simultaneously confirms that position.

Chapter 15 Summary: “A Triangle”

Elizabeth Heywood, a former child actor, is Alpha’s newest girlfriend. Within a week of the party, Frankie becomes a regular at Matthew’s table in the cafeteria. She loves his immunity to embarrassment and notes the freedom Matthew and his peers enjoy. Two weeks into their relationship, however, Matthew cancels his plans with Frankie so he can be with Alpha. After this happens two more times, Frankie realizes Alpha is “marking his territory” (105). Often, Matthew’s friends accompany them on their dates, and Frankie likes that she is almost a part of their group.

Chapter 16 Summary: “The Neglected Positive”

The narrator says Frankie’s critical faculties are developing through several experiences: learning about the panopticon, getting to know Alpha, not being allowed to walk to town alone in New Jersey, experiencing Matthew’s happiness when he “rescu[ed]” her after her accident, and her irritation at his friends for pretending to forget her. Wodehouse’s book The Code of the Woosters is another significant influence. In it, several rich men with a lot of free time form a club called the Drones. Like the Bassets, these club members know each other from boarding school, are wealthy, and pursue fun. 

Frankie enjoys Wodehouse’s wordplay and use of neglected (and imaginary neglected) positives. One day, she says she is “gruntled,” and Matthew tells her the word “doesn’t mean what [she] think[s] it means” (110). When the neglected positive (NP) of a negative word is not actually a word, it is called an imaginary neglected positive (INP). Frankie believes, as does the narrator, that a person who uses NPs and INPs can be “amusing,” but Matthew explains that “gruntled” is a false neglected positive, not an INP, because “gruntled” is a real word that means “grumpy.” Frankie is irritated by his need to be right and his confidence that he is her intellectual superior. When she tells him he’s no fun, he tells her not to be “so sensitive.” Frankie realizes that being “shrill or needy” is a fast way to lose Matthew’s affection and her status (115).

Chapter 17 Summary: “Cheese Fries”

Porter, Frankie’s ex, emails to apologize for cheating on her. Frankie notices that his grammar in the email is incorrect. He invites her out to eat, and she asks for three reasons she should go. He says it’s a free meal, he wants to be friends again, and he has something to talk to her about. Frankie tells Matthew she’s meeting Porter, and he asks if Porter apologized to her. She says he did, so Matthew doesn’t understand why Frankie agreed to meet him; he suggests she’s letting Porter “push [her] around” (121). Frankie is insulted by this accusation, but Matthew says he wants her to stand up for herself.

Chapter 18 Summary: “The T-Shirt”

The next day, Frankie notices a basset hound figurine on Matthew’s nightstand, but when she asks about it, he gets very secretive. As a peace offering, he gives her his Superman T-shirt. When she wears it, she can tell everyone knows it’s Matthew’s, and Zada says that wearing it is like wearing a sign that says Frankie belongs to him. Zada also says Matthew is treating her like a doll. Frankie accuses Zada of making her relationship seem “maculate,” the INP of “immaculate.” Zada warns her not to let Matthew “erase” her.

Chapter 19 Summary: “The Suicide Club”

For her “Cities, Art, and Protest” class, Frankie reads an article about “The Suicide Club,” a group of men in San Francisco who take their name from literary characters who make a pact to kill themselves so they can live “free from social restrictions” (131). However, the San Francisco Suicide Club only wants to enjoy a similar happy recklessness without actually taking their lives. They change their club’s name to the Cacophony Society, and members try to escape society’s panopticon by going to places where they are unseen, doing things a watcher would not want them to, and behaving in unorthodox ways. They make people aware of society’s unwritten rules by breaking them, doing things like throwing parties in cemeteries. Frankie writes a paper about the club.

Chapter 20 Summary: “Monster”

Frankie is purposely late for her meeting with Porter. She recalls the time after they broke up: She was convinced the girl he cheated with must be prettier, smarter, and better than her, though Frankie knows she’s smart and pretty. Porter made her feel expendable and worthless. When he arrives, Porter references Matthew, and Frankie wonders if people only see her as Matthew’s girlfriend. Porter tells Frankie she “look[s] great this year” (140), and he warns her not to let Matthew take advantage. She bristles when she realizes that her changed looks have prompted this concern. Porter insists that he means to compliment her and to “look out” for her, and when she gets angry, he calls her “oversensitive” and “crazy.” 

When Porter leaves, Frankie feels electrified after using her mind in a critical way. She is proud of herself for calling Porter out, “uncovering all the nocuous layers in [his] seemingly innocuous statement,” but she also feels she “acted like a monster” (144). She doesn’t like herself for yelling, but she admires herself for it. Frankie feels a new “power” coursing through her with its attendant “guilt, righteousness, joy, and fear” (145).

Chapter 21 Summary: “The Loyal Order”

The Loyal Order of the Basset Hounds is a secret society comprised mostly of senior boys who receive letters inviting them to an initiation. They post flyers in code rather than communicate via email because it is part of their goal “not to be entirely secret” (147). They want others to know they exist and to wonder about them. Frankie once stumbled upon an initiation meeting without realizing it. The Bassets are usually boys chosen from particularly rich Alabaster families who are also “cool.” Though being rich isn’t enough to qualify them for membership, the privilege and confidence that wealth inspires does, as does the social dominance these qualities typically confer. Like Senior, the boys think of themselves as Bassets first, and the club allows them to feel rebellious without risking their social positions. Each year, the Bassets swear in a new king and pledge their eternal loyalty to one another. This year, the Order has two kings—Alpha and Matthew—as Alpha was tapped to lead them as a sophomore, but the Order selected Matthew to replace him when Alpha had to leave Alabaster.

Chapter 22 Summary: “A Sea Horse”

One October day, Matthew asks Frankie to go with him to see a Muppet movie. When she tells Trish about the invitation, Frankie expresses a love for Kermit that she will “parage to the end,” employing the neglected positive of “disparage” (154). Trish corrects Frankie, who insists on her word choice, and Trish changes the subject. She says they should have a “girlie” evening before Matthew picks Frankie up: facials and pedicures. Frankie agrees, saying they’ll be “sheveled”—the neglected positive of “disheveled.”

At lunch, Frankie doesn’t wait for Matthew to go to the cafeteria. When she gets through the line, however, she’s not sure where to sit. There’s no actual rule, but she’s supposed to sit with the sophomores and not at the senior table, unless she’s invited. The seniors haven’t arrived yet, though. Frankie feels that by sitting with the less powerful sophomores, she would be admitting that her status is lower than Matthew’s, and she would be conforming to more unwritten rules. So, she sits at the senior table alone, ignored by some of Matthew’s friends who are at a table nearby. Part of her feels awkward, but part of her enjoys knowing that she is breaking a social rule.

When Matthew’s group arrives, Elizabeth comments on the “balls” it took for Frankie to sit there without them. Alpha and Matthew have a disagreement, and Matthew repeats that he will address the issue later. Elizabeth accuses them of sparring like two moose, and Star agrees. Frankie knows they expect her to agree, but she says girls can be as competitive as boys. She argues that it’s dangerous to suggest that men and women are the same as other animals because it leads to assumptions about women’s lack of competitive drive and ability. Elizabeth dismisses Frankie’s argument and addresses her “snidely.” Frankie brings up sea horses, a species in which males carry the babies, and Alpha says Matthew is a sea horse. Matthew denies this and sternly reminds Alpha that they’ll talk later. Alpha collects his things and asks Elizabeth to accompany him, presumably to have sex, but she claims to be busy. He tells the table he’s “unwhippable” and departs; Elizabeth gets up soon after, and Frankie wonders if she’ll follow him. Dean laughs, claiming no matter how much she may “squawk, the she-wolf always follows in the end” (165). Frankie asks Matthew what he and Alpha need to discuss, wondering if it’s about Alpha disliking her, but Matthew tells her not to be “so sensitive” and leaves to study for calculus.

Chapters 14-22 Analysis

Frankie’s developing awareness of The Inflexibility of Unwritten Social Rules About Female Conduct impacts her own behavior. She sees that Trish’s choice to stay home and bake rather than attend male-hosted parties could, one day soon, affect Trish’s opportunities. Frankie thinks that “the boys would stop asking her to come out. Instead they’d expect warm dessert to be waiting for them on their return” (68). Frankie doesn’t want boys to think she likes domesticity, so she goes to parties even when she finds them boring. She is aware of these unwritten rules, and, initially, she chooses to play by them and make herself appealing to boys. 

However, as the novel progresses, Frankie becomes increasingly frustrated by these rules. In her class, she learns about how society functions like a panopticon to keep its members in check by exploiting their fear that they are constantly being watched and judged. Frankie notices that this is more so for female members of society. For instance, Porter and Matthew engage in a sort of competition to be her “protector,” which irritates her. Their supposed concern for her, however, demonstrates their lack of confidence in Frankie’s ability to handle herself as well as their belief that she needs a boy to watch out for her. Frankie notices that their actions subject her to the dynamics of the panopticon—they constantly surveil her under the guise of protecting her—while simultaneously avoiding its surveillance themselves: For instance, Porter secretly cheated on her, and Matthew keeps secrets from her. 

With time, Frankie takes pleasure in breaking society’s unwritten rules. Her cafeteria conundrum signifies her growing frustration with society’s standards. Frankie isn’t sure whether to sit alone at the senior table or to sit with Trish, which she thinks of as an action synonymous with “conforming to unwritten rules for fear of discovery by a nonexistent watchman” (156). So, in defiance of these rules, Frankie chooses to sit by herself at the senior table. Later, Elizabeth comments on Frankie’s “balls,” equating her courage with masculinity; Elizabeth immediately follows this up by dismissing Frankie by calling her, diminutively, “girlie.” Elizabeth’s word choices show the way that women and girls police each other’s behavior, philosophically aligning themselves with men and boys in an attempt to access the power and privilege males enjoy. Elizabeth sends Frankie signals that she is wrong when she breaks unwritten rules.

These demonstrations of the girls’ internalized misogyny, in turn, show how pervasive The Influence of Covert Misogyny on Female Identity is. Frankie knows that she’s “expected to side with Elizabeth[’s]” assessment of male displays of dominance, and when she doesn’t, Elizabeth punishes her by addressing Frankie “snidely” and derisively. The novel shows that women and girls are constantly surveilled and their rebellious behavior is policed by both men and other women. Similarly, Alpha is frustrated by Matthew’s failure to address Frankie’s choices to sit at their table alone and to disagree with his girlfriend, the “she-wolf.” When Matthew stays quiet, Alpha calls him a “sea horse.” This is meant as an insult and implies that Matthew is emasculated by Frankie’s boldness. Male sea horses carry their babies, rather than the females, and this, to Alpha, signifies a lack of manliness that he equates with Matthew. Similarly, Matthew and Alpha insult Dean by calling him “a woman.” By using femaleness and caregiving instincts as insults, the boys confirm the idea that men must be more powerful and dominant than women. 

Matthew doesn’t think of himself as sexist or controlling: He “sound[s] genuinely surprised” when Frankie tells him not to boss her around, saying, “I would never tell you what to do” (122). However, his behavior is covertly misogynistic. He doesn’t defend Frankie when Elizabeth polices her behavior, he confidently corrects Frankie’s grammar when she is experimenting with language, he expects her to defer to Alpha, and he tells her not to let Porter “push [her] around” (121), refusing to believe that Frankie willingly decided to meet with Porter. Matthew’s behavior maintains the sexual status quo, signaling to Frankie that she is supposed to be weak, obedient, and trusting. He believes she must recognize her need for male protection and direction, and she must submit to him because he offers it.

These chapters further develop the theme of The Impact of Patriarchal Privilege on Interpersonal Dynamics. For instance, Frankie realizes that “being shrill or needy [is] the fastest way to lose her place among” Matthew and his friends (115). She observes that by behaving as though she needs his help, she can earn Matthew’s attention and desire; conversely, if she is what he terms “too sensitive”—pouting, arguing—Matthew becomes distant and disapproving. To keep his approval and favor, Frankie realizes she must modify her behavior to match what he expects of her. By contrast, Frankie feels free to speak her mind in her confrontation with Porter; since she no longer wants his approval, she responds to Porter’s comments more freely and honestly than she does Matthew’s. 

However, her ambivalent feelings afterward demonstrate the pervasiveness of The Influence of Covert Misogyny on Female Identity. Refusing to play the helpless female with Porter, Frankie “admired herself,” even though she “hadn’t liked herself while she’d been yelling at Porter” (144). She thinks: “So I was a monster […] . At least I wasn’t someone’s little sister, someone’s girlfriend, some sophomore, some girl—someone whose opinions don’t matter.” She takes pride in the fact that her identity was her own as she argued with Porter, but she is also aware that she has broken the social rules that determine acceptable female conduct around privileged males. Though Frankie is aware that these rules are arbitrary and unfair, she nonetheless thinks of herself as a “monster” for breaking them, showing Frankie’s internalization of these rules and the misogyny that underwrites them. She feels a range of emotions afterward, including “guilt […] and fear” (144-45), as she fears potential consequences. At the same time, she is proud she used her own resources to take “charge of the situation, [and] for deciding which way it went. She admired her own verbal abilities, her courage, her dominance” (144). At this point, Frankie understands much more than she used to about the social role she is expected to play and how freeing—and frightening—it can feel to reject it.

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