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Pity is like a spectator sport without the entertainment factor. The pitied are stared at by people who see only the tragedy, grateful and self-satisfied that they are not in the victim’s position. The personality of the person who suffered the tragedy is buried beneath “the tragedy,” even if the impact of the event is not as great as people assume. Not wanting to be constantly reminded of tragedies that might happen to them, friends shy away from the person, leading to further isolation. An example of this is Ezra’s reaction to Toby’s tragedy. Ezra is horrified by what happens to Toby and pities him, assuming that he is marked by this tragedy and destined to fade “into obscurity” (4). So, Ezra removes himself to a safe emotional distance from his best friend. However, even though he is bullied more than usual, Toby moves on with his life, blossoming into a popular, funny, and self-confident “nerd.” He explains to Ezra: “You act like that day at Disneyland was my big tragedy, but you’re the one who lost your best friend. You’re the one who started eating lunch with the popular jocks and forgot how to be awesome because you were too busy being cool” (270). In other words, Ezra’s reaction—pity and self-satisfaction that he’d been “spared the brunt of that hell” (270)—was in fact Ezra’s first tragedy, setting him on a superficial path with friends he didn’t really mesh with.
After the accident, Ezra is filled with dread at being pitied when he goes back to school. At the welcome-back pep rally, he feels everyone’s eyes on him, “not because I’d won a record percentage of the vote in the class council elections or held hands with Charlotte Hyde. […] This was different. It made me want to cringe away in silent apology for the dark circles under my eyes. […] It made me want to disappear” (17). Being pitied eats away at self-confidence and throws doubt on the reasons for being included. Ezra questions why Charlotte invites him back to the Tier One lunch table—was it “out of some sense of residual pity?” (128)—and has a hard time believing that girls find him attractive now. His self-doubt leads him to assume that pity is the motivating factor behind any girl’s attention to him, certain that girls think he “used to be a star athlete, but he’s like, crippled now. Isn’t that so sad?” (130).
Avoiding becoming an object of pity is the reason Cassidy transfers to Eastwood High, in a small town where no one knows her. This is hinted at during the tournament, where she appears distracted and pale around students from the other competing schools. After Ezra finds out about Owen’s death, he empathizes and understands Cassidy better: “I knew what it was like to have people stare at you with pity. For everyone’s gaze to follow you through the hallways as though you were marked by tragedy and no longer belonged” (305). Sadly, Ezra also muses that he understands now why she was drawn to him—his brokenness—confirming the effect that trauma has had on his sense of self.
Throughout the narrative, the theme of knowing yourself, knowing how others see you, and understanding where you belong is applied to each of the main characters. Before his accident, Ezra saw himself as “embarrassingly popular” (5), riding high as the golden boy of the school, hanging out with the popular group at the pinnacle of the school’s social hierarchy. After his accident, Ezra discovers how fragile that hierarchy is and how its structure changes depending on the angle from which you view it. From the debate team’s perspective, the “popular” group is shallow and dumb, made up of “brainless jocks who win high-school popularity contests and the vapid girls who worship them” (112). When Ezra was part of that Tier One group, he assumed that the only worthwhile social events were the elite kegger parties, oblivious to the floating movie theaters, flash mobs, or other interesting activities that other students enjoyed. Charlotte and her friends maintain their status (in their own eyes) by demeaning everyone else. For example, she initiates the cruel “joke vote” for homecoming king and queen, refers to the debate team as “losers,” and mocks Cassidy’s style of dress. There is nothing authentic about Charlotte or Jill; they are too busy fitting into the classic “popular” high school student mold to have time to discover who they really are.
After the accident, but before he connects with Toby and Cassidy, Ezra realizes that he does not belong with his group, and he is terrified: “It was like the part of me that had enjoyed those friends had evaporated, leaving behind a huge, echoing emptiness, and I was scrabbling on the edge of it, trying not to fall into the hole within myself because I was terrified to find out how far down it went” (41). It takes the accident to drag him away from his narrow perspective of what a successful high school life looks like. Ezra’s tragedy forces him to analyze who he is and who accepts him for who he is and then—when the blinders are off—to act on that knowledge.
Toby has always known who he is, even in the aftermath of his tragedy. As Toby tells Ezra, “I was the fat kid who drew comic books. I was going to be bullied no matter what” (269). Even when issues, such as his sexuality, are still blurry for him, Toby doesn’t doubt who he intrinsically is; he maturely acknowledges that he needs to wait until after high school to get clarity on some things. Toby is secure and confident with his genuine group of interesting friends, his high academic achievements (AP classes), and his solid family background. Despite being shunned by Ezra when they were 12, Toby is so nonjudgmental that he initiates and welcomes Ezra’s friendship in high school. Toby knows Ezra better than Ezra knows himself: He knows that Ezra does not belong in Charlotte and Evan’s group. Toby, never wavering from his “nerdy, quick-witted,” and kind personality, is simply happy to have Ezra back.
Cassidy thinks she knows her authentic self: a high-achieving, “sad, lonely mess who studies too much” (329). However, Cassidy does not show that person at Eastwood High. She moved to Eastwood to get away from her past, and she makes a conscious decision to create a new, mysterious, “bohemian adventurer” personality. Cassidy believes that it is better to let others imagine who you really are because relationships are always temporary: “We move through each other’s lives like ghosts, leaving behind haunting memories of people who never existed” (330). To Cassidy, it makes sense to portray an exciting, eccentric personality that is more interesting than her real one, allowing her to choose how people see her and to be deliberately “misremembered.” Ezra has a different sense of her: his memories of Cassidy portray a girl who is consistently smart, witty, and adventurous; while she may also be sad and lonely, some of her “imaginary” positive traits are likely authentic but dismissed by her because of her deep-seated insecurities.
The theme of expectations (high and low) features prominently throughout the novel. Ezra’s expectations of himself are always high, but they are initially misguided because he believes that the marker of success is being popular among the athletic crowd, winning tennis tournaments and homecoming crowns. These expectations—illuminated as sterile, predictable small-town expectations by Cassidy—are subconsciously reinforced by Ezra’s parents. Ezra accepts his home’s décor, such as the picture of a sailboat in his room even though he doesn’t sail, because he has grown up in a house fitting the generic “suburban McMansion” look. Ezra and his parents are happy with the prospect of an athletic scholarship to a state school, followed by some well-paid desk job, and Ezra does everything to fulfill these expectations until his accident. After Ezra realizes there is more to life than Eastwood, boosted by the confidence that Cassidy has in him, his expectations rise to another level. To his surprise, his parents offer their full support, illustrating that they too had lapsed into unimaginative complacency. Once Ezra finds himself and understands who he is, he lifts all external expectations and limitations from his decision-making and embraces life in a way that feels right to him. One of the most motivating things that Cassidy says to Ezra is “[Y]ou're still going to be here in twenty years, coaching the high school tennis team so you can relive your glory days,” an expectation that Ezra shuns and instead predicts for Evan (244).
Cassidy’s tragedy and her trajectory in life are strongly shaped by unrealistic expectations. Owen died because of the pressure his parents put on him by forcing him to go to medical school. Even after Owen had psychotic breaks, he was too afraid of disappointing his parents to quit, pushing himself to self-destructive behaviors. Cassidy, herself a high achiever (a “picket fencer” in debate competitions) likely has also grown up with her parents’ extremely high expectations and therefore does not forgive herself for “failing” Owen on the night of the accident. Because of these unattainable expectations, both external and self-imposed, Cassidy buries herself beneath a caricature of carefreeness, portraying a happy-go-lucky, quirky personality, unrestrained by convention—the opposite of how she feels. Ezra eventually understands this and sees that she has built “a prison […] for herself out of an inability to appear anything less than perfect. […] She would always be confined by what everyone expected of her, because she was too afraid and too unwilling to correct our imperfect imaginings” (330). This is yet another tragedy.
Another thread that runs throughout the book is the idea that expectations change following a tragedy. After the accident Ezra, feels that “no one seemed to expect anything from me anymore” (16), and he initially has trouble visualizing any goals for himself. After Toby’s tragedy, Ezra expected Toby to be defined by the experience—so much so that he discards their friendship. Both Toby’s and Ezra’s lowered expectations prove to be unfounded, but the concept circles back to the theme of pity. Both self-pity and being pitied by others have the effect of lowering expectations.
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