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Penny begins the novel with a historical prologue about the revival of Gregorian chant and older manuscripts that preserved the art form. Early musical notation was meant to show the singer the direction of pitch, “Guiding some unseen monk to raise his voice. Higher. Then holding. Then higher again. Hanging there for just a moment, then swooping and sweeping downward in a giddy musical descent” (2). In so doing, she establishes that Gregorian chant notation will be key to the forthcoming mystery. The novel is interested not only in music in the abstract but in the physical objects that represent it. Frère Luc obsesses over the Book of Chants, while the prior dies clutching a piece of his new chant manuscript.
Musical knowledge is a source of power for the monks—the order hides in part to protect their particular relationship to the chants, their recording of the chants generates money and prestige, and their ancient Book of Chants contains the origins of the genre and is thus a priceless artifact. The music is also the community’s life force—specially chosen by the prior for the order’s choir, many of the monks are at Saint-Gilbert to emotionally heal. Of course, like any source of power, the music proves divisive: The debate over the new recording splits the community, which cannot decide whether putting this art form into the secular world is “divine or damned” (145). Finally, for some of the monks, religious faith and the music were “one and the same” (323)—Frère Sebastien, the visiting Dominican, is on a musical quest to find the original starting note for the chants, while Frère Luc is so fixated that there is “something frightening about that level of zeal” (346). Taking the music as a direct sign of God makes Frère Luc go too far: He kills the prior in the belief that the new music the prior wrote is a heresy. Penny thus suggests that musical devotion is a dark version of faith.
Predators of all kinds are a recurring motif in the novel.
The abbey is called “St. Gilbert between the Wolves,” in a reference to a parable about the dark and light forces within each person. Just as this story imagines both good and evil as wolves, the novel casts this animal as an evil image only.
Gamache and Beauvoir liken investigative work to hunting. Gamache knows he is out to catch a dangerous predator disguised as a holy man: “The abbot knew there was a wolf in the fold. […] Dom Philippe had called in hunters to find him” (44). Gamache repeats the metaphor later, as he describes the abbot not identifying the “wolf” in time to save the prior (269). Beauvoir’s internal metaphors are less figurative: He wonders if the abbot is best understood as a “jailer” (192) protecting the outside world from sexual predators. This association between good police work and hunting makes it all the most telling that Francoeur is never characterized as a hunter. Instead, Gamache sees him as “more cunning than clever [and] dangerous” (632). This word choice links Francoeur’s particular intellect to that of a wild animal, which relies on its instinct.
A different kind of detective, Frère Sebastien is a Dominican monk—“the hound of the lord” (286). This canine reference reminds Gamache of the monastery emblem: “Two wolves, intertwined. One wore black on white, the other, the abbot, wore white on black. Polar opposites. Sébastien, young and vital. Dom Philippe, older and aging by the moment. Entre les loups. Among the wolves” (292). Frère Sebastien’s job as an Inquisitor is to sniff out the location of the long-hidden Gilbertines, much to their consternation and fear; his personal goal is to track down the original Book of Chants to learn the starting pitch for the music.
In the end, hound and hunter work together to catch the wolf: Frère Sebastien assists Gamache in unmasking Frère Luc as the killer.
The image of the garden and fruit gathered from that garden carry deep biblical significance. In the Old Testament’s Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve exist in the paradisiacal Garden of Eden until they taste the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, which causes God to cast them out forever.
In the novel, the prior is found dead in the abbot’s beautiful private garden, which becomes a tainted refuge and opens the monastic community to a new level of scrutiny—like Adam and Eve, they are exiled from idyllic isolation and forced to endure the encroachment of the outside world.
Fruit in the novel carries the same overtones of temptation that fruit has in the story of Genesis. When Beauvoir is uncomfortable and restless in the cloistered environment of the monastery, he retreats to the grounds and joins a search for the wild blueberries that the monks use to make candy. Each berry offers a profound aesthetic experience: “It tasted, not surprisingly, of blueberry. But it also tasted like autumn in Québec. Sweet and musky. […] It really was perfect” (178). Eating the berries suddenly expands Beauvoir’s perspective, much the same way the Edenic fruit gives Eve new knowledge about herself. Crucially, Beauvoir finds the blueberries so intoxicating that later, when like the serpent in the Garden of Eden, Francoeur tempts Beauvoir away from Gamache with narcotics, Beauvoir notes that the pills are “the size of wild blueberries […] and the burst they brought, not of musky flavor, but of blessed oblivion” (186). We witness the young man’s fall from the grace of his loving relationships into addiction.
The abbey building has a strong influence on the life of the community. Gamache and Beauvoir sometimes find the unfamiliar structure sinister, just as they struggle to understand the motivations of the monastic life. The abbey’s style and appearance are marks of its history: The monks’ need to hide explains the abbey’s “thick walls and hidden rooms and locked doors” (133). The present-day Gilbertines live surrounded by past reminders of their own persecution, times in church history when their order was unpopular and even imperiled. This explains their seclusion, and why the presence of new arrivals is such a shock to the community.
But in the present, the crumbling abbey symbolizes the factional conflicts within the order. Frère Raymond informs Beauvoir that the monastery is literally falling down, and that the proceeds from a second recording would be necessary to save it. The abbot’s refusal, hinging on his unwillingness to sacrifice the more important vow of silence, is effectively an argument that the building is not as important as the holiness of its inhabitants.
Frère Luc, too, is impacted by the building’s geography. Never fully committed to the order, he remains in the “purgatory” (158) of the porter’s lodge. Here, he obsesses over chants, his own musical talents, and his growing conviction that the prior is a heretic. Though he stays outside the abbey, he believes that by killing the prior, he is preserving the heritage of Gregorian chant.
In the end, a compromise is reached: the abbot names Frère Antoine, a supporter of future recordings, to be choirmaster, while the Vatican may offer monetary support for shoring up the building. The abbey endures, suggesting that the abbot’s resolve to maintain faith has been vindicated.
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