84 pages 2 hours read

Sunrise Over Fallujah

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2008

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Chapters 10-12Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 10 Summary

Another instance of civilians mistakenly being killed is reported at a village and the soldiers from Birdy’s Civil Affairs unit are sent to try and put a human face on whole situation. It’s been reported that children may have been injured in the attack and the squads must try to help out as much as possible. Though the 422nd Civil Affairs Brigade is already working at the village to rebuild damaged water pumps, the villagers don’t trust the army there, and Captain Miller talks to a few women to try and gain their trust.

One of the Iraqi women has studied in Seattle and speaks English. She invites Captain Miller and a few of the soldiers into her home and explains what happened during the attack. As it turns out, the boys and men in the village were unsure if they should fight against the Americans or not. In the end, they decided to wait and see what would happen when the Americans came. Though the townsmen did not want to fight, a group of Ba’athists, fighters from Saddam’s party, arrived in town and told the men that they must report to Baghdad to see what they should do. The men were loaded into a van and were getting ready to leave when one of the Iraqi soldiers fired at a passing plane. The plane circled and fired on the van, killing everyone inside. Many of the children from the village had been chasing after the van as it left and so saw the carnage from the jet attack, including body parts of their brothers and fathers lying on the road. The woman tells Captain Miller that the children are mentally injured from the devastation they’d witnessed.

Back outside, Birdy tries getting one of the kids to warm up to him by kicking around a soccer ball. Suddenly, a group of kids comes from nowhere, wanting to play. Birdy then shows the kids the stuffed monkey that First Squad carries around in their Humvee. The monkey was sent to Victor Rios and Marla asked to have it for the Humvee. She and a few others named the monkey Yossarian—after a character from the novelCatch-22—and the kids are all fascinated by the stuffed monkey. The children challenge the Americans to a game of soccer and easily win.

Chapter 11 Summary

Sergeant Harris and Jonesy get into a fight that dampens the unit’s spirits. Jonesy reminds Harris that they need to work together, that the only way they’ll all make it out of the war is to work as a team. Captain Coles notices that something is wrong with the soldiers, but can’t figure it out. He informs the squads that they will be escorting Intelligence officers to a location in the Rusafa district based off of a tip the army has received from a local.

The army has set up an information booth in Baghdad, which has been nicknamed the confession box. Civilians can give information to a soldier and get paid if the information is useful. Most of the information is bogus, but there are a few bits of information that prove useful. Captain Coles and his soldiers are to assist the Intelligence personnel in following up on one of these leads. They are to investigate a factory that supposedly produces IEDs, or at least the parts that are used to make the makeshift weapons. Birdy’s unit is informed that this mission is vital—they’re told by the Special Ops members they will be escorting that though the hot war is over, many Americans are being killed every day by these makeshift weapons. The army needs to get a handle on how these weapons are becoming more sophisticated and where they’re being produced. As many commanders still don’t care much for the Civil Affairs unit, this is another a way to show their usefulness.

Birdy and the others head out and make it to their destination for a pre-dawn surprise attack. The infantry accompanying the Civil Affairs unit breaks into the building, rushes in, and causes havoc. Birdy mentions that he’s more afraid of the soldiers than anything else. The soldiers comb the entire building but find nothing. As Lieutenant Davis is apologizing to the Iraqis that have been detained for all of the damage done, Marla, who had been searching the women, goes into the kitchen and finds wires and detonators hidden in flour. The lieutenant is outraged that they almost left and never found the devices. Birdy is shocked as well, and tells Marla how all the Special Ops guys combed the place and found nothing. She was the only one who found something. Birdy, however, is surprised for another reason. He felt sorry for the women and men being detained, and identified with their embarrassment as he’d been detained and searched by police back home in Harlem. Now, however, he realizes that these people he had just been feeling sorry for would just as easily have killed him if given the chance. He’s also shocked at how Marla found the detonators so coolly, logically. Birdy feels that he has no special skills to lend. Unlike his squad members, he has nothing going for him that might make the difference in staying alive through such a murky war.

Chapter 12 Summary

The fact that Major Sessions has been passed over for a promotion has the soldiers talking about the politics behind promotions in the army and how safe the higher-ups are in comparison to the foot soldiers. Major Sessions attends one of the unit’s meetings and informs the squads that their newest mission is to help find the missing son of a Sunni imam. The boy is from a particular tribe that the army is trying to gain influence with. Major Sessions reminds them all about the humanity they are tasked to show to the Iraqis at all times. This mission is an example of their role in the army. Major Sessions also announces that she will accompany the squads as they travel to various morgues, hospitals, and prisons in Baghdad searching for the missing boy.

At the first stop, though Major Sessions flexes her weight around with the hospital staff, when the squads are taken down into the morgue, Major Sessions throws up from the stench and is eventually dropped off back in the Green Zone. The rest of the squads carry on looking for the missing boy, though the mission seems futile. They avoid visiting any other morgues, as there’s no way of identifying the boy’s body. They have nothing to go on but the boy’s name, and they can’t mention his last name as there may be people willing to harm him due to his tribal affiliation. Foregoing the morgues, the group heads to a prison instead, where they find a few prisoners who match the age of the missing boy. After Jamil talks with the boys, they find the young man they’re looking for, Muhammad Latif Al-Sadah. By the time Captain Coles gets him released from custody and back to the base, a press conference has been set up by Major Sessions, angering the squads. Marla is chosen to be interviewed and speaks about her feelings in finding the child and helping reunite a family. Muhammad is reunited with his mother the next day. Though angered at the PR stunt, Birdy is happy to see how grateful the Iraqi villagers are that they have helped find Muhammad.

Birdy writes another letter to his Uncle Richie where he mentions that the suicide rate is climbing in the army as people are spooked by the IEDs and the war’s changing rules of engagement. It’s hard to know who to trust. And though he knows his mother is probably strapped for cash because his father is in and out of the hospital due to his high blood pressure, Birdy asks if she can send over dolls to him for the Iraqi girls.

Chapter 10-12 Analysis

Though the war is supposedly over, the fourth and final phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom is still underway. The news reports seem to only portray the successes, such as Birdy’s unit reuniting a missing child with his mother. The reports talk about the rebuilding and installation of democracy that is welcomed by all in Iraq, though the soldiers obviously have a different take on matters. If democracy is welcomed by all, who is still shooting at them and creating IEDs? The news doesn’t report on the number of Iraqis dying on a daily basis, either. American and Coalition forces are dying now primarily from increasingly sophisticated IEDs. The fluidity of the rules of engagement, as well as not really knowing who to trust, is taking its toll mentally on soldiers.

These chapters also dive into the internal politics of the army, with Major Sessions being passed over for a promotion. Birdy has mixed feelings about her. He’s annoyed with her stern demeanor, especially as she doesn’t have to be concerned about being in a hot zone, but also realizes how human she is. He’s also starting to understand how upset Captain Miller is at the human cost of the war. The mission to the village, for instance, where the children all witnessed their friends and family killed by a jet, leads Birdy to think of the human aspect of it all. The Iraqi woman who invites them in for tea asks them to think of Iraqi lives as they think of theirs, to value them. It’s hard for Birdy because he and his fellow soldiers never know who’s trying to kill them and who simply wants peace. If someone lets their guard down for one instant, it could be fatal.

When Birdy’s squad finds detonators on their night raid mission, Birdy sees firsthand what letting your guard down could mean. He felt sorry for the Iraqis and yet they were lying the entire time. He realizes that they would just as easily have killed him if given the chance. How can you tell who is friend and who is foe when the enemy wears the same clothing as noncombatants and smiles at you just as easily? Group dynamics play a large role in these chapters. The chapters show how, even in the army, there are divisions. The Iraqis seem to work together in groups to get their mission accomplished. As Jonesy mentioned earlier on, they need to all work together to get out this war.

These chapters also show the possibility of change and collaboration as the soldiers interact with the children in a game of soccer and show them a stuffed monkey that First Squad carries around in their Humvee. The chapters are effective in showing the contrast between war and peace in the novel and how the soldiers have to deal with the constant fear of death and harm all while trying to maintain their humanity and sanity. 

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