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As Ellen Adams races to prevent a terrorist attack, she is forced to ask herself how far she will go and what she will sacrifice to stop the bombs. Ellen asks herself how much she will sacrifice to save the day as she is consistently faced with new and increasingly horrifying challenges. An initial wave of security failings mean that a terrorist arms dealer is released from prison and three buses filled with civilians are destroyed in bomb attacks. From there, Ellen must prevent further nuclear attacks designed to bring social collapse to the United States and usher in a new era of extreme right wing authoritarianism. The stakes continue to increase, so more is asked of Ellen. She must place her life, her friends’ and families’ lives, and the lives of strangers on the line to stop the collapse of American democracy.
With these stakes established, Ellen accepts the fact that she must make sacrifices in the name of security. She places herself in a public firing line, knowing that the newly appointed President is likely orchestrating her downfall. Ellen accepts challenges when she knows the risks, whether she is accepting the president’s offer to be a part of his cabinet or deliberately flying to Russia for a face-to-face showdown with its president. In each situation, Ellen is willing to expose herself to danger and negative consequences. She is willing to sacrifice her relationship with her estranged son Gil, she is willing to take Anahita into Iran, and she is willing to leave her daughter and Chief of Staff behind in Iran because she believes that doing so will help prevent a future loss of life. Ellen demonstrates that she is aware of the greater cost of security, and she is willing to make personal sacrifices to achieve this security.
When Whitehead is taken into custody and accused of being a traitor, the president suggests that they torture Whitehead to extract information. Ellen draws a line and disagrees with the president. While the president is compromising his ethical stance against torture due to the pressing need of the moment, Ellen does not abandon the code which defines her. However, she does not frame her argument in ethical terms. Ellen reasons with the president, telling him that torture is an unwise decision due to practical results rather than moral consequences. Ellen has already shown that she is willing to allow harm to come to others to prevent a terrorist attack. For her, torture is a practical rather than an ethical issue. If torture worked, then Ellen may reconsider her stance. In other matters, she is more than willing to break the law. She recommends invasions of sovereign nations, illegal kidnapping, and frequent burglary to help prevent the terrorist attack. Ellen’s decisions are cold and calculated but always produce results. The cost of security is not just a theme in the novel, but the question which defines Ellen as a character.
While Ellen is willing to sacrifice a great deal to save lives, her past actions cause her to harbor regrets. Ellen’s search for forgiveness and atonement is an important theme in the book, one which extends to other characters. The narrative begins with a string of failures. Her first diplomatic trip to North Korea is a failure, and two terrorist attacks occur during her first month in office. These personal and institutional failings leave Ellen with dismay. After seeing the bodies in the street in Frankfurt and seeing her son in the hospital, she regrets that she was not able to do more. Ellen works so hard to prevent more attacks because she feels personally responsible. Her way of seeking forgiveness and atonement for the deaths and suffering she witnessed is to put herself in harm’s way and work tirelessly to ensure that she does not make the same mistake again. The search for forgiveness is a key theme because it drives Ellen relentlessly forward through the narrative.
Ellen is not the only one seeking forgiveness. President Williams begins the novel in opposition to Ellen. While a Senator, he refused to negotiate with the terrorists who captured Gil, and Ellen turned her media empire against him during his campaign. For years, she has held a grudge against him, and he plans to embarrass her on a global stage by ensuring that she fails as secretary of state. The president’s plan is fraught with bitterness and individual desire for revenge. However, throughout the course of the novel, Williams seeks Ellen putting the needs of others above her personal feelings. She may harbor grudges, but she is able to put aside her differences with the president at an important moment. Ellen’s actions show the president the error of his ways. He eventually comes to trust Ellen and gives her a sincere apology for his past actions. From this point on, the president and Ellen are close allies. They are brought together by a collective need for forgiveness and a desire to atone for the mistakes of the past.
Regrets in State of Terror are not always personal. While Ellen and the president crave forgiveness for their past failures, Anahita struggles to find forgiveness for her family. Her mother and father fled political unrest in the Middle East and arrived in the United States as refugees. However, her father lied about his nationality on his application form. He is arrested and his past failures threaten his family, as well as Anahita’s position in the State Department. In addition, her recently discovered family in Iran are also placed in danger. Anahita may not have committed a crime, but she seeks absolution for her family. She works hard to halt the terrorist plot because she feels responsible for what has occurred. Anahita’s search for forgiveness is not related to her own failures, but to those of her family.
The threat of the other in State of Terror is not necessarily based on ethnic differences. To Ellen, many foreign enemies exist and few of these enemies share the same ethnicity. For example, she believes that one of the most insidious forces in the world is the Russian President, Maxim Ivanov. Ivanov does not share any ethnic heritage with his Iranian or Pakistani counterparts, but he is nevertheless embroiled in a plot against the United States. The Russians, the Pakistanis, and the assorted of foreign terrorists are united by their hatred for the United States. In the context of the novel, those who hate America are depicted as unapproachable and incomprehensible enemies. The other which Ellen fears is based on her perception of the world outside America, a dangerous and sinister chaos which threatens her way of life.
However, a key element of the terrorist plot are the United States citizens who are part of the High-Level Informant conspiracy. While Ellen fears the other which exists outside the realm of American influence, the conspiracy members fear the future which Ellen represents. The conspirators are extreme right-wing fanatics who want to plunge the United States into political chaos, allowing them to erect their own form of government based on their radical interpretation of American history.
These conspirators serve as a commentary on Ellen’s own perceived threat of the other. To the conspirators, Ellen is antithetical to their right-wing, conservative interpretation of the American ideal. Ellen is to the conspirators as the terrorists are to Ellen. As a result, the presentation of the threat of the other as a theme poses key questions about who we perceive as enemies and why. While Ellen defines American identity in opposition to a foreign other, her enemies define American identity as warped beyond recognition by the domestic political forces which Ellen represents. The way in which the other is defined is fluid, a question to which each character has a different answer.
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