36 pages 1 hour read

Solaris

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1961

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Chapters 6-9Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 6 Summary: “The Little Apocrypha”

When Kris emerges from the launch area, he finds Snow waiting for him. Snow realizes he had a visitor and disposed of it. Snow reveals the visitors approached him, Sartorius, and Gibarian one day, beginning with Gibarian. Snow tells Kris that his visitor will return. When he asks who the visitor was, Kris describes Rheya and how she died. When Kris asks why they didn’t call for help, Snow explains that he, Sartorius, and Gibarian brought the visitors upon themselves and likely wouldn’t be believed by authorities. He believes human hubris does not accommodate phenomena such as the visitors: “We don’t want to conquer the cosmos, we simply want to extend the boundaries of Earth to the frontiers of the cosmos” (72). In discussing Gibarian, Snow reveals he has the book Kris has been searching for—The Little Apocrypha. Kris takes the book and reads it. It contains the interrogation of a helicopter pilot, Berton, by a review council. Berton says he saw a symmetriad, an image created by the ocean—that of a giant infant. Because the council believes he was hallucinating, he refuses to elaborate. However, a council member named Dr. Messenger believes Berton. Messenger sits with him and listens to all he has seen. Kris reflects on his encounter with Rheya. Late that night, when a second Rheya appears, he welcomes her into his room.

Chapter 7 Summary: “The Conference”

Kris wakes from a dream to find Rheya lying beside him. She asks how he is feeling. She cares for him and they lie together, drifting in and out of sleep. Rheya asks Kris about the space station, and he explains as little as possible. She accuses him of hiding something, which he denies. When he goes into the bathroom and closes the door, she panics. Rheya tears her way through the door and throws her arms around Kris, injuring her hands. As he cares for her hands, he discovers her wounds are already healing.

Kris decides to take Rheya to the laboratory and test the nature of her physical being. Once at the laboratory, Snow contacts them and says there will be a three-way video conference between the scientists to discuss the visitors. Kris takes a blood sample from Rheya and examines it: Her “blood” reconstitutes itself quickly, even when exposed to acid, and is possibly made up of neutrinos.

During the three scientists’ video conference, they try to be cautious as they see Rheya is present. Snow recommends that they call the visitors Phi-creatures. In describing the visitors, Kris notes Sartorius is resistant to his empirical observations. They discuss the interactive nature of the visitors, debating whether or not they are preprogrammed to act and behave in certain ways. Kris already knows the answer because of his interactions with Rheya.

Chapter 8 Summary: “The Monsters”

Rheya wakes Kris in the middle of the night. She is crying that he does not want her. He is astonished at her ability to grasp the reality of their relationship. As Kris consoles Rheya, promising his love and honesty, he receives a note from Snow saying Sartorius discovered a way to use neutrinos to eliminate the visitors.

Kris launches into a lengthy discussion of a researcher named Giese, who studied the ocean’s mimoids (like visitors), the way they endure, and what can be learned of them. He compares them to symmetriads, mimoids which mimic structures: “It would be only natural, clearly, to propose to suppose that the symmetriad is a ‘computer’ of the living ocean performing calculations for a purpose that we are not able to grasp” (119). As he studies, Kris feels the station shake and realizes Sartorius has taken off in a space shuttle to eliminate visitors with his new device. Snow enters the room where Kris and Rheya are studying and discusses dealing with the visitors, while periodically glancing at Rheya.

Chapter 9 Summary: “The Liquid Oxygen”

Once again, Kris wakes from a dream in the middle of the night. He sees Gibarian and asks if he is dreaming. The specter replies that he is incarnated for a little while, implying he is a visitor who will soon retreat. Gibarian warns Kris that Sartorius and Snow are plotting against him, because they fear he is too attached to Rheya. Gibarian explains that the visitors are amplifiers who project human emotions, which humans themselves often cannot understand.

When he wakes, Kris asks Rheya what happened to the tape recorder he took from Gibarian’s room. She says she does not know. That night, Kris suddenly wakes, realizing Rheya is not with him. He goes into the laboratory and discovers she has inhaled pure liquid oxygen, which would destroy a human’s organs and kill them. While incapacitated, she slowly recovers. When Kris asks Rheya why she tried to take her own life, she says she realized she is not the original Rheya—having listened to Gibarian’s tape recorder. She knows she was created by Solaris and causes Kris pain, thus why she tried to die. Kris assures Rheya that he does love her, that she is different from the original Rheya.

Chapters 6-9 Analysis

In studying Solaris, Kris, Snow, and Sartorius confront a problem no human has ever encountered before, arguing and speaking around one another in their uncertainty. Their discussion of the visitors demonstrates that none of them is in charge; nor do they have a clear purpose. The characters are unlike the heroes, pioneers, and time travelers of 20th- and 21st-century science fiction, lending themselves to Lem’s relative realism. Chapter 6 in particular reinforces his argument regarding The Limitations of Human Intellect: Berton, a helicopter pilot mentioned in Gibarian’s copy of The Little Apocrypha, relays his sighting of an infantile symmetriad (an image created by Solaris’s living ocean) to a review council. The council’s unwillingness to accept something beyond their experiences or imagination causes Berton to withhold further information. The pilot represents real-life individuals who proposed new paradigms for understanding that were mocked by authorities, perhaps influenced by Lem’s own history with censorship.

In this section, Lem addresses the idea of shared humanity by introducing his most humane character—Rheya. Though Snow and Sartorius fear Rheya, they recognize their influence on visitor behavior, aggressive or otherwise. This implies Gibarian was kind to his visitor before taking his own life, as she treats his deceased form with love. In contrast, Snow warns Kris about his coming visitor by saying, “If you abide by the rules she won’t be aggressive” (69). He and Sartorius know how to act compassionate, but fail to do so out of fear—or in Kris’s case, out of his conflict over Outer Space Versus Inner Space. Despite Rheya not being his real wife, she reminds him of the original Rheya and renews his guilt over her suicide. In contrast, Sartorius goes so far as to make a device to kill visitors, leaving the space station to test it on Solaris’s living ocean. While his and Snow’s visitors are never mentioned in detail, Kris’s plays a pivotal role. Throughout this section, Rheya challenges Kris to treat her with empathy—the novel framing her Humanity as a Saving Grace. Later, he acknowledges that while she is not the original Rheya, she is a person in her own right.

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