55 pages • 1 hour read
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Billy recovers from the plane crash in a hospital in Vermont. As Valencia drives to meet him, her anxieties lead to a car accident. The accident breaks the muffler on her car, but she ignores the issue and keeps driving to Canada. Valencia arrives at the hospital, switches off the ignition to the car, and is then knocked unconscious by carbon monoxide poisoning. She dies an hour later in her car. Billy is unaware of her death because he is also unconscious.
A retired military man named Bertram Copeland Rumfoord shares the hospital room with Billy. Rumfoord is now a military historian at Harvard University. He is 70-years-old and married to his fifth wife, Lily, who is 23. Rumfoord is working on a book about World War II, and Lily brings him research which includes a book about Dresden. The forewords in the book concede that the bombing was a tragic event but refuse to state that the people who ordered the bombing were evil. The writers suggest that the Dresden firebombing was just a natural, terrible part of war.
Billy jumps through time. First, he goes to his office in 1958 and examines a patient. Then he travels to a day when he was 16 and waiting to see a doctor for an infection in his thumb. Billy is then back in the hospital in Vermont. His son Robert visits, his chest covered in medals won in the Vietnam War. Billy reflects on his son Robert’s outstanding military record compared to Robert’s difficulties at school. He closes his eyes and does not respond to Robert’s presence. Robert presumes his father is unconscious. Rumfoord talks to Lily about Dresden. The bombing was kept secret for so long that there are very few resources or history books which discuss it in any detail. Billy stirs from his apparent unconsciousness to tell Rumfoord that he was in Dresden on the night of the bombing. The historian dismisses Billy’s stories as a byproduct of a mental health disorder. He does not believe Billy.
Billy travels back to 1945. World War II ends in Europe so Billy and five other men are allowed to return to the slaughterhouse in Dresden to collect any souvenirs they might want. The other men search the camp while Billy sleeps in the back of a horse-drawn wagon. A passing German couple notices the impoverished state of the horses and blames Billy for their condition. Billy is still dressed in his silver boots and his strange robes made from curtains. He cannot understand the German couple until they switch to English. They accuse him of abusing the horses. Billy notices the horse’s suffering for the first time and cries. Until this point, he has been unable to weep about any of the atrocities he witnessed in the war.
In the hospital in Vermont, Rumfoord slowly develops an interest in Billy’s stories. When Billy is released from the hospital, Barbara takes him home. She places him in his bed and forbids him from leaving the house for work or anything else.
A nurse is hired to help Billy and keep watch over him. He sneaks out and drives to New York in a desperate attempt to get on television and tell the world about his experiences on Tralfamadore. Billy checks into a hotel in New York and then discovers a bookstore near Times Square. The back of the store is dedicated to pornography. For 25 cents, he can watch a pornographic film. He views a film starring Montana Wildhack and the woman from the photo with the Shetland pony. Tucked away amid the pornographic books are four novels by Kilgore Trout. Though unable to make an appearance on television, Billy books a slot on a radio show alongside a group of literary critics. When Billy’s turn to speak comes, he describes Tralfamadore, spaceships, and his experiences with Montana Wildhack. The radio host waits for the commercial break then gently ejects Billy from the studio. He returns to his hotel room where he falls asleep and jumps through time to Tralfamadore. He describes his experience in New York to Montana as she lays in the bed beside him. Montana listens and interprets the story based on the teachings of the Tralfamadorians.
The narrator lists the important people who die in 1968. Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. are both shot while the government issues body counts from the war in Vietnam. On Tralfamadore, Billy notes that the aliens do not care about Jesus Christ. They are very interested in the work of Charles Darwin. He learns from the aliens that every person actually lives forever and spends their life experiencing the same events over and over again. Although the narrator is not pleased by Billy’s realization, he is thankful that he has many positive, happy moments he can relive.
The narrator remembers his trip to Dresden in 1967 with Bernard V. O’Hare. He recalls looking out of the window on the flight into East Germany and imagining the plane dropping bombs on all the people below. O’Hare tries to find out the population of Dresden and becomes intrigued by the explosion in the global population, as well as the number of deaths which are caused by malnutrition. O’Hare predicts that there will be seven billion people by the year 2000.
Billy also returns to Dresden. He is in the city two days after the bombing. Billy and a Maori man named Tobruk are ordered to dig through the rubble of the city for bodies. Most of the holes they dig lead to nothing. Eventually, the men uncover a large wooden structure with dozens of dead people inside. They open up the structure so that the dead can be removed. The bodies begin to pile up as more and more are found. As the bodies rot, the smell is unbearable. Tobruk becomes sick after working on the excavation project. He has convulsive bursts of vomiting.
The Germans eventually stop the search for the dead. Instead of removing and burying the corpses, they use powerful flamethrowers to cremate everything. Edgar Derby is part of the team searching through the rubble. The Germans find him with a teapot. They arrest him for stealing and sentence him to death; Edgar is killed by firing squad. The German soldiers are sent to fight the Russians while the American prisoners are locked in a stable out in the Dresden suburbs. The men wake up one morning and discover that the doors to the stable are no longer locked. World War II is over in Europe. The prisoners leave the stable and wander through the empty streets. Billy listens to the birdsong.
Bertram Rumfoord plays an important role in the novel. He is a military historian who wants to create an official, thorough account of the bombing of Dresden. As an official appointee of the military, he is expected to provide a version of events which allows people to understand why the American military killed so many civilians and destroyed so many homes. He struggles to do so because so many of the sources are secret, incorrect, or unavailable. The desperate attempt to make a palatable account of the Dresden bombing contrasts with the memories of Billy Pilgrim, who lies in the bed on the opposite side of the room. With perfect clarity, Billy remembers the events surrounding Dresden which continue to traumatize him.
However, Rumfoord dismisses the notion that Billy could offer anything useful. He is an authority figure, dismissing the pain and trauma of powerless individuals. Rumfoord is an arrogant, unlikeable man who represents authority and its desperate attempts to whitewash the past. When he finally believes that Billy was present, Rumfoord spends more time trying to justify the war than listening to Billy. These efforts are an attempt to convince himself more than Billy. Rumfoord understands that what happened in Dresden was wrong, but Billy does not offer him any satisfaction, forgiveness, or insight. Unable to navigate the raw trauma of Billy’s experiences, Rumfoord dismisses him as a fool.
Although Billy’s trip to New York is a string of failures, they form an important life experience. Billy wants to share his story of alien abduction with the world but discovers that his audience is uncaring and patronizing. His ideas are presented alongside those of literary critics which are disconnected and absurd in their own right. The critics’ self-importance contrasts with the earnestness of Billy’s stories of time travel. Billy draws on actual experiences while the critics operate entirely in the abstract. They are celebrated while he is mocked. The events at the radio station become a satire of literature. Vonnegut and the narrator mock literary criticism as pompous and aloof while satirizing a society that does not want to listen to the truth—particularly if it comes from the mouth of someone deemed socially inappropriate like Billy.
The narrator begins the final chapter with a list of famous events and assassinations. The idea of murder looms large over the finale of the story, as the audience already knows that Billy will be killed by an assassin. The narrator subtly elevates Billy to the level of men like Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy by linking all three men’s assassinations. The death of Billy Pilgrim, once society finally recognizes the truth of his ideas, has the capacity to change the world as much as these historical figures did. At the same time, the world does not change. The cold, scientific calculations of the body count in the Vietnam War demonstrate that Americans have learned nothing about the horrific violence of war. The bombing of Dresden did not teach the society anything, and the cycle of murder and death continues. Celebrated people are gunned down for preaching messages of nonviolence. Billy and the recording predicting his death might provide vindication for his ideas about time, but the cycle of human violence is unbreakable.
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