67 pages • 2 hours read
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The historical antecedents of Shaara’s narrative are not only real but also a key part of standard American history—Paul Revere’s ride, Washington crossing the Delaware, and the Boston Tea Party are taught in history classes as early as elementary school. Shaara blends real events with the tools of fiction: character development, setting, physical description. Historical figures are reimagined through fiction, adding their emotions and interiority, but the narrative balances those fictional flourishes with historical fact. John Adams, for example, is torn between his love for his family and farm and his obligations to his country, but he inevitably returns to the Continental Congress to deliver a passionate speech. The historical truth of Franklin’s celebrity is augmented by his despair over political differences with his son. The narrative also highlights the importance of figures like Sam Adams, one of the primary leaders of the Massachusetts Sons of Liberty and a primary driver of American independence, as well as Thomas Paine, whose treatise, Common Sense, helps unite the colonies. Shaara gives these characters life, motivation, and emotional resonance, giving history an immediacy many textbooks lack.
Shaara also explores the minutiae behind certain events in colonial-American history. The Battle of Lexington and Concord, for example, is known for “the shot heard round the world,” but Shaara explains the British mission to confiscate munitions, the division between British troops, and the fear of war on both sides. In the text, The Battle of Bunker Hill is more accurately described as The Battle of Breed’s Hill, as Bunker Hill sits to the north of Breed’s Hill and is occupied primarily by reinforcements. Shaara digs deeply into tactics and strategy, examining the perspectives of Washington, Gage, Howe, and their subordinates. He explains why Fort Ticonderoga—an underexplored location—is valuable to the colonists later in the war. Shaara further explains how the strongest military in the world was defeated by a smaller, less-disciplined, and less-equipped army: The difficulties and bureaucracy faced by Gage, the tactical errors and misjudgment of British commanders, and the underestimation of people bent on liberation all contributed to an American victory.
Perhaps the most significant factor in the colonial/British conflict is cultural: The colonies outgrew British rule and were able to govern themselves. The colonies developed their own means of economic sustainability, and thereby an American identity, from farming to craftsmanship and trade. Further, their judicial system operated independently of Parliament, and, as John Adams points out after a British officer is acquitted of murder charges, this system showed process and impartiality. The colonies established a higher education that shepherded colonists into white-collar professions. The Thirteen Colonies were a self-sustaining, albeit young, nation ready for independence. England, under the rule of a monarchy for centuries and accustomed to obedient subjects, did not anticipate a colony that wanted freedom. Indeed, much of Britain’s policy was dictated from a regressive, antiquated cultural viewpoint that prevented it from seeing the colonists as a threat.
Not only was the monarchy trapped in the past, but its long-standing traditions of peerage and class nobility also led to corruption, something Franklin witnessed firsthand. The king and his supporters heard only what he wanted to hear, and alternative views were shunned, preventing him from understanding the colonies’ grievances. Absolute rule is literal, and any resistance is seen not only as illegal but treasonous. The king claimed it was his right to tax his colonies, despite their right—as granted by the English constitution—to levy their own taxes. The condescension is born of cultural superiority. The two sides could never agree because they argued from vastly different world views, leading both sides down a bloody path.
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American Revolution
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Challenging Authority
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Class
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Class
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Colonialism & Postcolonialism
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Globalization
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