66 pages • 2 hours read
A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Deanna and Eddie are searching for “molly-moochers,” or morels, a difficult task in June, since the mushrooms are out of season. They come across a local, Sammy Hill, who’s carrying a rifle but claims he’s out looking for ginseng. Eddie, who made himself scarce in front of Sammy but listened in on the conversation, says with guys like that, Deanna must “chew them up and spit them out between your teeth, smiling the whole time” (194). They discuss Deanna’s estrangement from ordinary human life; aside from books, music and a few special people, she doesn’t miss much.
Suddenly Deanna and Eddie see two female coyotes hunting in the open and watch, “spellbound,” as “like two parts of a single animal” the coyotes “moved to surround and corner their prey” (197). Each afraid of the other’s thoughts, Eddie and Deanna don’t discuss the incident. Deanna heads off alone to repair a trail bridge, where she hears distant voices she believes to be hunters. Listening closer, she realizes she’s actually hearing the “conversational growls and higher-pitched barks” of female coyotes, communication “in the language of mothers speaking to children” (200). Deanna remembers the coyotes took a live mouse that morning, and she realizes their pups must be alive. She returns to the cabin, knowing she can’t “breathe a word” of what she now knows (200).
The next morning, Deanna tells Eddie she’s going down the hill and if he follows, “you’re off this mountain for the rest of your life or mine” (201). Eddie heads off in the opposite direction, but leaves his hat and gun behind. Deanna follows the coyotes’ “intermittent vocalizations” (202) until she reaches the family and finds too many pups to count: “more than six, she decided, and fewer than twenty” (202). Overcome with joy, Deanna wishes her father could see the coyotes, as he always recognized love; she wants someone to witness how much the coyotes, “a tightly knotted pack of survival and nurture,” feels “like family” (203).
Garnett is showering after a hard morning spent clearing a row of ground for new trees when he’s startled by a phone call from an unfamiliar young woman with a “townish sound to her” (206). The woman turns out to be Lusa, who’s been told Garnett is “the regional goat maven” (206) and needs advice on how to procure and raise goats. Garnett tells her if she runs an ad in the newspaper, she’ll end up with “more goats than [she] know[s] what to do with” (208), prompting Lusa to ask about “a goat plague” (208) in Zebulon a while ago. Garnett interprets this as Lusa “attempting to uncover his most embarrassing secret” (209), and he defends his choice to have his 4-H students raise goats; after his wife’s death, he had “a spell of poor judgment” prompted by his neighbor’s “grudge” against goats (209). He tells Lusa how to make sure the goats breed right away, and as he’s talking he hears an “insistent” (208) knocking at the door.
After the phone call, he discovers his visitor has left behind a letter, a berry pie, and a note identifying the visitor as Nannie Rawley. The letter is a response to his earlier missive to her; Nannie argues that since “everything alive is connected to every other” (216), the extinction of one species can have wide-ranging consequences. Garnett, of all people, should understand this, as his family’s fortune was destroyed by the extinction of the chestnut. Nanny also says that Garnett misinterpreted Genesis—she believes the Biblical Genesis story says that “even weeds and pond algae are sacred” (217), and all living things should be treated with respect. Finally, she says she was discussing her Snapper lawn mower, not the turtle, in Little Brothers’.
In response to this letter, Garnett’s “blood pressure start[s] to rise” (218), and he hurriedly composes a rebuttal in which he accuses her of favoring “Evolutionary Theory” over “Creation Science” (219), concluding that he believes his thoughts will be “enough for you and your bra-burning Unitarian friends to ponder” (220). As he mails the letter, Garnett sees himself as a “Soldier of God […] marching as to war” (220).
Lusa has invited Cole’s entire family for the Fourth of July, and although Lusa suspects “maybe it was just pity” (221), they’ve all come. Lusa listens as her sisters-in-law complain about their husbands wasting money on fireworks, and is “surprised that they could be as mean about their own husbands and each other’s as they’d ever been toward her” (225). Lusa decides to see what the men are up to for herself, and she’s again surprised—this time that she receives a warm welcome, aided by the homemade elderberry wine the men are drinking. Big Rickie jokes with Lusa about the goats she’s now raising, and Lusa realizes he’s flirting with her, as are some of the others. She feels a tightness in her belly and it occurs to her that since she stopped taking birth control after Cole’s death, her cycle is returning. She’s “trailing pheromones” (230), and that’s why the men are “fluttering around her like moths” (230).
Later in the evening, Lusa asks Jewel if she’s ever seen ghosts in the farmhouse—“when it rains,” Lusa says, she hears “children running on the stairs” (232). Lusa notices new “steep lines” (233) on Jewel’s face, but Jewel doesn’t want to talk about whatever’s wrong, and Lusa walks down to the pond by herself to look at the moon. She runs into Little Rickie “being a bad boy, smoking behind the barn” (235) and promptly joins him, bumming her own cigarette. She asks if he saw her fifty-eight goats—she’s already talked to her cousin, the butcher, who thinks they’ll make “a killing” (237) at holiday time. Suddenly they spy, across her moonlit pasture, the billy goat “working his herd, methodically mounting one doe after another” (238).
Lusa tells Cole about the ghosts she sees—she believes they’re Cole and Jewel as children—and Rickie reveals that Jewel has cancer. Lusa cries and lays her head on Rickie’s chest, and he tells her he’ll fix her barn roof—a huge job—and kisses her on the mouth. Lusa admonishes him—“I’m your aunt,” she says (242)—but he apologizes and she quickly forgives him. Returning to the party, she sees the fireworks exploding and thinks “we’re only what we are: a woman cycling with the moon, and a tribe of men trying to have sex with the sky” (244).
Deanna is out working when she’s startled by the “triangular head” (245) of a poisonous snake, a copperhead. When it starts to rain, she heads for home and runs into Jerry Lind, the young man who brings her supplies once a month, in his Forest Service jeep. She’s forgotten he’s coming and is upset because he’s already been by her cabin, and has likely seen Eddie, whom she left on the porch this morning. Jerry insists on driving Deanna back, and confirms that he’s “met your boyfriend” and seen the “twenty-five-pack of rubbers” by the bed (252), which only increases Deanna’s agitation.
As soon as Jerry leaves, Deanna confronts Eddie, asking why he didn’t just “disappear” (254) when Jerry arrived and reminding Eddie he’s “not a part of [her] life” (255). Eddie doesn’t understand why she’s so upset, and she expresses her concerns about their “playing house” (256) together: Deanna is nineteen years older than Eddie, half a foot taller than him, and “spent six years researching an animal [Eddie would] like to see purged from the planet” (256). In addition, Deanna’s uneasy about continuing their relationship without plans for the future.
Deanna falls asleep, and when she wakes up, Eddie tells her she’s getting sick. When he goes out for firewood, she cautions him to be careful of the phoebe nest on the porch—one brood has already died, and Deanna doesn’t need “four dead babies on my conscience” (260).
Eddie gets back into bed, and they talk about Deanna’s past a bit more. Eddie asks why Deanna’s father never married Nannie Rawley, and Deanna says Nannie didn’t want to. Deanna remembers her half-sister, Rachel, an “angel” who’d “come to be my little sister for a while” before going back to Heaven (263). Deanna goes on to describe marrying one of her college professors, becoming a seventh-grade teacher at her husband’s suggestion, and going “out of my gourd” (263) before finally attending graduate school and studying wildlife biology. As she speaks, Eddie makes love to her, prompting Deanna to think that “intercourse with Eddie Bondo was a miracle of nature” (265).
Deanna and Eddie hear a sliding noise in the roof boards, and when Deanna tells him it’s a snake, she’s amused to find Eddie is afraid of the creature. Deanna reminds him how valuable predators like snakes are—“I’ll take one snake over fifty mice in my house any day,” she says (266)—as they go to sleep for the night.
An oak tree has fallen on the line between Garnett’s and Nannie’s property, and Garnett wants Nannie to pay for half the cleanup, which means he has to again confront the woman he considers “a test of his faith, his cross to bear” (270). He finds Nannie in her orchard, where she berates him for spraying Sevin pesticide and says that “if I get lung cancer, it will be on your conscience” (272). She quickly apologizes, however, as Garnett’s wife, Ellen, died of lung cancer despite never smoking, and he feels a “deeper dread” that pesticide might have caused her illness (272).
Nannie goes on to argue that the Sevin spraying actually causes “a caterpillar boom” (273) by killing the insects’ predators, which can’t reproduce as fast as the herbivore pests. While Garnett first considers her ideas “nonsense” (273), Nannie’s deeper explanation forces him to admit he “didn’t find the fault in [her] thinking” (275). Nannie wishes Garnett wouldn’t get so angry about everything, and could instead see the beauty in “a field of plants and bugs working out a balance in their own way” (277).
Next, Garnett brings up his letter to Nannie, with Nannie saying his “logic is weak” (278) and telling him evolution works the same way he breeds his chestnuts, choosing the “best survivors” to procreate (279). When Garnett still disagrees, believing there must be a “good and just” God controlling the natural world (281), Nannie thinks about how unjust her daughter’s death was and begins to cry. She adds that Garnett “cut off his own son like a limb off a tree” (281), and Garnett says his son, an alcoholic, has to “decide for [himself] to get better” (282). Nannie and Garnett agree that despite all their differences, they’ve “both had [their] griefs to bear” (283). Nannie agrees to pay for half the cost of removing the tree, but concludes that Garnett is “a sanctimonious old fart” (284) as she stomps off.
Lusa is mowing her farm when her sisters-in-law drop off Jewel’s 10-year-old daughter, Crystal. Jewel is headed to another chemotherapy treatment, and Crys has become so difficult that Jewel’s sisters refuse to watch her. Crys—who is such a tomboy that Lusa believed she was a boy for a while—arrives with “untampered hostility” (287) but agrees to accompany Lusa as she finishes mowing.
Atop the roaring mower, Crys asks about a nearby flower, which Lusa identifies as a poisonous butterfly weed, prompting a conversation about the chemotherapy treatment that “makes Mama poison” (289). Crys tells Lusa her aunt, Lois, made her try on dresses, and then cut up her favorite corduroys and plaid shirt while she was doing so. In response, Crys broke Lois’s statue, which Lusa admits was “a fair trade” (295), especially when Crys reveals she “told Jesus if I wore them clothes every day he’d make Mama get better” (295). Lusa offers to care for Crys’s younger brother, Lowell, next time, so he won’t have to stay with Lois either, and Crys agrees. Crys and Lusa go bug-hunting together, and Lusa shares her knowledge and love of insects with Crys. Lusa is relieved to hear Crys laugh, and finally sound “clear and transparent, like a child” (298).
Around midnight, Hannie-Mavis, another of Lusa’s sisters-in-law, stops by after dropping Jewel at home; it’s taken her that long because Jewel was so sick after her treatment. Hannie-Mavis reveals that the doctor told her Jewel is actually “worse” after chemo (301), so the doctors are going to stop treatment. Jewel thinks this is good news, and Hannie-Mavis didn’t have the heart to tell her sister the truth: the doctors have given up. Hannie-Mavis and Lusa have tea and bond a bit, with Hannie-Mavis insisting that “we don’t resent you” (305) for inheriting the farm. Hannie-Mavis explains that the family is only worried that Lusa will remarry and the farm will no longer be “the Widener place” (307). Lusa realizes she herself was never “the problem”; instead, the issue is “progeny. The family line” (307).
The next morning, Lusa again sees the ghost of a brother and sister sitting on her stairs, with the girl’s arm around her brother’s shoulder, in order “to protect him from the world” (309). Lusa now realizes the pair is not Jewel and Cole, but Crys and Lowell.
Chapters 13 to 18 encompass the midpoint of the novel, and during this section the novel’s attention to fertility develops into an emphasis on procreation. In Chapter 13, Deanna realizes the coyote pups are alive and tracks them to their den, where she’s reminded of the litters of puppies and kittens born during her childhood summers. Deanna admires the family as “a tightly knotted pack of survival and nurture” (203), a vision of carefully-protected new life emerging into the world.
Lusa’s narrative in these sections also progresses from fertility to procreation, as during a Fourth of July party, she realizes she’s “trailing pheromones” (230) after she’s stopped taking her birth control pills. All the men flirt with her, “fluttering […] like moths” (230), and Little Rickie even kisses her. These flirtations—instinctual mating dances like those of Lusa’s beloved moths—evolve into images of actual procreation, as Lusa and Rickie watch Lusa’s billy goat “working his herd, methodically mounting one doe after another” (238). This new goat life brings a promise of future abundance for Lusa, providing another example of the prodigal summer’s bounty.
Nannie and Garnett, on the other hand, mourn their own failed efforts at procreation: Nannie’s daughter died young, and Garnett is estranged from his alcoholic son. As Nannie puts it, he “cut off his own son like a limb off a tree” (281). Nannie and Garnett conclude that they “both had our own griefs to bear” (283)—but these griefs don’t stop the neighbors from continuing to argue over the question of man’s role in the natural world. In these chapters, their disagreement becomes an overtly religious one, with Garnett claiming that Nannie supports “Evolutionary Theory” over “Creation Science” (219), and viewing himself as a “Soldier of God” (220). In response, Nannie explains with even more detail and scientific evidence how human interference harms nature, as pesticides kill predators and actually increase the number of herbivore pests. When Garnett concedes that he doesn’t “find the fault in [her] thinking” (275), the reader sees the first cracks in his rigid belief system, a hint that Nannie and Garnett’s relationship may also soften as the novel continues.
In Deanna’s chapters of this section, readers see her becoming increasingly emotional, particularly in her relationship with Eddie. Her inability to push back her feelings provides an early suggestion that her hormones may be fluctuating, and she may even be carrying new life of her own. As Deanna struggles with the idea of her and Eddie “playing house” (256), with no real plans for the future, readers also see Deanna moving back into the world of human emotions and entanglements, after two years spent distancing herself from these human concerns as much as possible.
In the final chapter of this section, a new relationship develops that will prove essential to Lusa’s character growth for the rest of the novel: Lusa cares for Jewel’s child, Crys, and quickly forges a bond with the girl. Crys, a headstrong tomboy, is a young girl who won’t give in to expectations of proper “feminine” behavior, and, as such, she seems the natural heir to characters like Lusa, Deanna, and Nannie. Crys also has to deal with her mother’s cancer, so Lusa, still reeling from her own husband’s death, connects with her over their shared grief. In addition, Lusa shares her “moth love” and knowledge of insects with Crys, bringing a new dimension to the moth and insect motif throughout the novel.
In this final chapter, Lusa also sees ghosts several times: both the ghosts of Cole and Jewel as children, perhaps presaging the fact that Jewel, like Cole, will die young; and the ghosts of the still-living Crys and Lowell. Crys’s and Lowell’s spectral appearance implies that the pair have a place on the farm, a role to play there as the story continues, and also adds a new dimension to the ghost motif.
Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.
Including features:
By Barbara Kingsolver