The Russian leader who has taken measures to strengthen Russia's borders and influence, particularly in response to European and NATO actions, drawing comparisons to historical Russian strategies.

A former US President recognized for his foreign policy approach that included promoting economic ties, challenging global powers, and addressing human rights issues.

An early Islamic leader whose legacy is central to the Shia-Sunni division, with differing beliefs regarding his position as a successor impacting Middle Eastern dynamics.

A key figure in South America's independence from colonial rule, whose legacy influences contemporary political and social movements in the region.

The founder of modern Turkey, known for his reforms that modernized the country and shifted it towards a secular, European-style governance.

An explorer famed for navigation achievements that opened the idea of a Northwest Passage, with modern implications for global shipping.

An impactful US President who expanded American influence and military presence globally, altering the nation's international perception.

An English diplomat involved in drawing the Sykes-Picot Line, which set contentious borders in the Middle East following World War I, contributing to enduring geopolitical tensions.