An ancient Greek philosopher whose work on virtue and balanced living influences philosophical discussions, including those found in Hegel's exploration of consciousness and society.

A German philosopher whose ideas on transcendental idealism and moral reasoning provide a foundational influence for Hegel's exploration of logic, consciousness, and social interaction.

A German idealist whose development of subjective idealism and the triadic structure of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis informs Hegel's philosophical framework.

An English Enlightenment thinker whose empiricism and concept of the mind as a blank slate contrast with Hegel's idealist approach to consciousness and experience.

A Swiss philosopher whose writings on individual freedom and society's impact on human development provide a counterpoint to Hegel's ideas on collective society and consciousness.

A German philosopher and contemporary of Hegel whose work in objective idealism emphasizes unity between subject and object, influencing Hegel's discussions of unity and reason.