53 pages 1 hour read

Out of Darkness

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2015

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Part 2, Chapters 4-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “Before”

Part 2, Chapter 4 Summary: “December 1936”

One of the people Wash does a considerable amount of work for is Mr. Crane, superintendent of the New London School. While standing in Mr. Crane’s yard, he confides in Wash that the heating bill for the school was $300 in November, and that he is concerned it will only be higher in December. When Wash returns home, he approaches his father Jim to present a proposal. Wash’s school, over which Jim presides as principal, is in need of facility improvements and supplies. He wonders if, should he dig a line to service Mr. Crane’s school with natural, unregulated “green” gas from a bleed-off line to heat it for free, Mr. Crane might be amenable to providing Egypt Town’s school with financial support. Jim says he might think on it. An impatient Wash accuses his father of being unwilling to stand up for his fellow African Americans, and the latter forces him to take back his statement. Later that night, Jim tells Wash he should present his idea to Mr. Crane, but that he should be careful about how he does so.

While tidying up the house, Naomi reluctantly enters Henry’s room. Naomi wonders if Henry might have kept any mementos of her mother as she has in their seven years apart. Looking around, she finds their wedding photo, thinking her mother looks apprehensive. Naomi then finds a tin of condoms, resentful that Henry is in possession of them now when he could have saved her mother’s life by using them. In his drawer is also a bottle of bourbon whiskey, evidence contrary to Henry’s assertion that he has changed. Most troubling to Naomi is a revolver. Frightened, she returns to her bedroom and holds her mother’s braid for comfort. Sensing the added layer of danger in the house, Naomi goes to the river and demands that Beto and Cari come home. Wash asks what’s wrong, and she lashes out, calling him a liar. She admits that not long ago, she saw Wash lending his arm to a girl, and she is incensed when he begins to laugh. Wash instructs the twins to tell Naomi about Fannie, and Naomi is embarrassed to learn that Wash was simply helping his blind neighbor. He offers the twins money to buy candy at Mason’s store, with the caveat that Cari allow Beto to have some regardless of the deal they made (regarding naming their kitten Edgar). Finally alone, Naomi brings Wash to the space in a hollowed-out tree she found. They begin meeting there in secret, talking and sharing kisses and embraces.

On Christmas, Naomi longs to travel back to San Antonio to spend the holiday with her grandparents, but Henry, who has to work, does not permit the children to go without him. They exchange gifts before Henry leaves for work, and Naomi is brought back to the day he gave her a doll when her mother announced her marriage to Henry. That evening, Naomi and the twins meet with Wash in the woods to exchange gifts, and Naomi lingers after sending the twins back. Wash gifts her a carved wooden ring, which he places on her left hand where a wedding ring would customarily be worn. It is engraved with birds in flight, a symbol of freedom. At home, Beto finds Cari staring at their mother’s guitar case underneath Naomi’s bed, and he warns his sister with a simple “Don’t” (170).

While Naomi is making a dress for herself from the yardage of fabric Henry gave her for Christmas, Beto appears and asks her to get rid of it. She is perplexed by the suggestion, but all he can say is that it gives him a bad feeling. Beto then asks if he can help with cooking; Henry overhears and scolds him for being interested in “women’s work,” threatening to drown Edgar if he doesn’t “start toughening up” (172).

Later, at a New Year’s bonfire, Naomi is happy to see Tommie with her long-time crush, Dwyane Stark, but becomes uncomfortable when Gil appears and suggests they would make a cute couple too. Attempting to deflect with self-deprecation, Naomi tells Gil that he could date any girl he likes, and that she is not good enough. Gil disagrees, praising her and denouncing those who see people of Mexican descent as lesser. He asks if she is seeing anyone, and she avoids the question, insisting that she would very much like to be friends. When Naomi meets with Wash later that night, they confess their love for each other as New Year’s Eve fireworks burst in the distance.

Part 2, Chapter 5 Summary: “January, 1937”

After digging a new line to supply the New London school with free gas, Wash and his father are promised a meeting with the New London school board. When they arrive, they find the school locked and deserted, and Wash, insulted and incensed, proceeds to Mr. Crane’s house with his father on his heels. Mr. Crane’s housekeeper repeatedly tells the Fullers that Mr. Crane is not home but Wash refuses to leave. Mr. Crane appears on the porch and offers his apologies, explaining that the board, by electing not to participate in the meeting, is denying the Egypt Town school any resources in exchange for Wash’s help. As they speak, Miranda’s father, Zane Gibbler, emerges from inside Mr. Crane’s house and states that the Egypt Town school is “good enough” for the population it serves. Jim is polite and deferential, but Wash remains incensed, explaining that the Egypt Town school’s meager resources are unsatisfactory—consisting of broken furniture and books with missing pages. Mr. Gibbler accuses Wash of speaking above his station and delivers a veiled warning. Jim tries to diffuse the situation by encouraging Wash to leave with him and repeating their desire to meet at another date. Mr. Gibbler scoffs at the Fullers to wait to hear from them. As they walk away, Jim chastises Wash for speaking to such powerful white men in that manner, asking what he was thinking. Wash angrily snaps that it would take an explosion to wake them up. Unbeknownst to Wash and Naomi, an additional danger is mounting. Miranda Gibbler has begun spreading rumors that Naomi is romantically involved with someone from Egypt Town.

With patience and diligence, Beto manages to fix the radio Henry couldn’t. With Henry away at work and music flowing from the radio’s speaker, Naomi and the twins are inspired to be festive. The twins suggest that Naomi style her hair like their mother Estella, put on Estella’s red dancing dress, show them Estella’s dances, and make tortillas. She shares happy stories of their mother while she cooks. She is surprised by the sudden appearance of Henry’s truck in the yard and does not have enough time to change before Henry enters and sees her looking uncannily like Estella. Henry is brought back to the time of his and Estella’s courtship when they met while dancing, and Naomi can sense a change in him that concerns her; she states her intention to change out of the dress, but he insists that she keep it on.

Naomi realizes that Henry is drunk and sends the twins to bed. She halfheartedly offers him some tortillas, recalling the time he threw an elaborate Mexican meal Estella had prepared on the kitchen floor, calling it “sombrero slop” and declaring it unfit for consumption (190). Henry asks Naomi to sit with him while he eats, discussing his day and the dangers of his line of work in the oil fields, telling her that he saw a man on fire. When Henry goes to the bathroom, Naomi starts washing the dishes; when he comes out, he comes up behind her, grabbing her and uttering sexual intentions despite her repeated assertions that she is Naomi, not Estella, and he must stop.

Henry says, “She liked to pretend to fight, too” and “You like playin’ mama, don’t you?” (194). He only relents when, after shouting at him to stop, Naomi agrees to call him by his name. She spends the night without sleeping, terrified that Henry will try to assault her. Pastor Tom arrives early the next morning and asks to see Henry. He wakes Henry to speak with him on the porch, repeating refrains to dissuade him from temptation.

Naomi is disgusted, realizing that Pastor Tom has no idea what kind of man Henry is. Exhausted, Naomi falls asleep in school the next morning. She manages to sleep for a while when she meets Wash at their tree, but that night, she is cross with the twins and refuses to tell them a story about their mother. Still catching up on rest, Naomi sleeps late the next morning, and Henry wakes her by throwing a glass of cold water on her and demanding breakfast. She apologizes for sleeping in, and Henry apologizes for throwing water, but she is perplexed by the way he conducts himself at the table as if he had not tried to sexually assault her two nights before.

Part 2, Chapters 4-5 Analysis

Wash’s decision to help Mr. Crane and the New London school sets into motion the explosion of the Prologue, but it is with pure intentions that he suggests using unregulated natural gas for the school’s heating. Hoping that the school will reciprocate and provide resources for his father’s school, Wash demonstrates both naiveté and cynicism. Wash is cynical toward his father Jim, as he sees him as far too cautious and submissive in his interactions with white people.

Though Wash is correct in his belief that people of color should not be forced to treat white people as though they are deserving of more respect on the basis of race, he has not yet learned his father’s difficult lessons in growing up as a Black man in Texas in the early 20th century. What Wash perceives to be weakness is actually Jim’s understanding of the complex racial politics and threats surrounding them. Without his father’s experience, Wash would have remained naïve in his belief that he should expect fairness in response to favors.

Wash has a good relationship with Mr. Crane, but the superintendent does not control the school board. Jim believes his son has the right to be angry; his scolding of Wash stems from his fear of consequences, not a lack of strength in having a door literally slammed in their faces. This incident foreshadows future moments when Wash tries to be of help post-explosion, only to be blamed and misunderstood with tempers and tensions running high. The people of New London constantly exhibit racism toward Wash and seem committed to misunderstanding him and other people of color; over the course of the novel, Wash must adjust to challenging circumstances as he tries to navigate a world that is in many ways against him.

Naomi senses an escalating danger in Henry’s household, which further escalates in future chapters—with her friends and Pastor Tom suggesting that she and Henry get married. One night, Henry comes home drunk and attempts to assault her. Naomi never once believed that Henry changed in their time apart, but she had hoped that they could exist in the same household without having to suffer his sexual advances. After his assault and endorsements from the community, Naomi feels more alone than ever as she shoulders the secret of her abuse—with everyone around her presuming a romantic relationship between them would be acceptable.

Never in the novel does Naomi consider disclosing what happened to her as a child to anyone other than Wash. Even without their being privy to Henry’s abusive past, Naomi is shocked to learn that others think that a man marrying his stepdaughter is socially acceptable, particularly when he is the father of her half-siblings. Ashley Hope Pérez does not address whether or not Naomi’s ethnicity plays a role in how the relationship is perceived by outsiders, but it is suggested that Naomi is already seen as the twins’ mother. Furthermore, Pastor Tom does not seem to see Naomi as her own person with desires and ambitions—a young woman unlikely to find happiness in being tethered to a man with alcohol dependency and a proclivity for sex workers—but rather a means through which Henry might fulfill the plan that he believes God has laid out for him.

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