A US Army commander known for his role in the American Indian Wars, particularly his defeat in the Battle of Greasy Grass, also known as the Battle of Little Bighorn. His military actions are often debated for their impact on Indigenous peoples.

Leaders of a military expedition commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson to explore and establish US claims over Indigenous lands. Their journey and interactions with Indigenous peoples are often recast by Estes in a critical light.

The 44th president of the United States, recognized for his historic win as the first Black president. In this context, he is critiqued for his administration’s approach to Indigenous rights and environmental issues relating to pipeline constructions.

A pivotal figure in Oceti Sakowin history who established the spiritual and familial interconnectedness between humans and the natural world. Her teachings are seen as foundational to Indigenous ecological perspectives.

A Shoshone woman often depicted primarily as a guide in settler narratives of the Lewis and Clark expedition. Her life was marked by enslavement and abuse, offering a more nuanced view beyond the historical myth.

A prominent Lakota leader and resistive figure against US encroachments on Indigenous lands. His life and eventual death highlight the ongoing struggles and resistance of Indigenous peoples.

A 19th-century Lakota war leader known for his resistance against settler encroachment. Remembered for his role in the Battle of Greasy Grass and his deep connection to the land.

A Standing Rock scholar and Indigenous rights advocate, recognized for his influential writings and leadership in Native American movements. Known for advancing Indigenous national rights and Red Power ideology.

An Ihanktonwan writer and political activist who was instrumental in advocating for Indigenous self-determination and cultural renewal. Her work contributed to significant changes in Indigenous education and rights.