North and South

Elizabeth Gaskell originally wanted to name the novel after her protagonist, Margaret Hale. Charles Dickens insisted on titling it North and South. How does the title affect the reader’s perception of the novel and its overall tone?

Analyze the role of parenting as Gaskell presents it in the novel. Consider how the Shaws, Hales, Thorntons, Higgins, and Bouchers make different choices in raising their children. Does Gaskell find one approach better than the others? Why or why not?

Explain Gaskell’s exploration of the rigid social codes of the Victorian era. How does she show them to be damaging to families, individuals, and communities?

Consider the role of religion in the text. What is Gaskell’s attitude toward faith, and how does she present it in the novel? Use examples from the text to support your response.

Margaret is shaped by her past in Helstone and her present in Milton. However, she spends much of her childhood and adolescence in London. How does this place, which is a sharp contrast to both the pastoral Helstone and the industrial Milton, inform her character?

Higgins feels responsible for Boucher’s death. In your view, who is responsible? Is Boucher a victim of his own choices? Use textual evidence to support your response.

How does Gaskell develop the theme of unity? Explore how communication plays a key role in the harmony of society.

Some critics consider this novel as derivative of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. Analyze the similarities and differences between the two Victorian romances.