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Diane Guerrero opens her memoir with an explanation of important concepts and terms, as well as to state the motivation behind sharing her story. Guerrero’s story is one of hope in a time of loss and uncertainty and recounts her experiences of being left to fend for herself after her parents and older brother Eric were deported back to Colombia from the US. Because Diane was born in the US, she was not sent back, but neither was she taken care of. She notes that about 11 million undocumented immigrants currently live in the US, and her story is one of many; as a result, she hopes that it can act as a source of comfort to others who have had similar experiences.
Guerrero explains what the words “documented,” “deported,” and “detained,” mean (See: Index of Terms), as well as the importance of citizenship or a green card in securing an official place in the US. Diane also raises issues with terms like “illegal alien” and “illegal immigrant,” saying that “no one is ‘illegal’ in this world” (3). She states that the term “undocumented immigrant” is more accurate and less pejorative. She regrets that many Americans are ignorant on the topic of immigration because they believe it does not affect them; she argues that everyone is affected by these issues. It took many years for Guerrero to find the courage to tell her story.
The day that Diane’s parents were detained began like any other. Diane was 14 years old and attending Boston Arts Academy, where she excelled in singing. Things had been looking up for her family, as her Papi had recently won a small lottery, and the family felt closer together. That morning, her Mami urged her to eat, but she was in too much of a rush to get to school and left without saying goodbye. All day, Diane felt off and slightly ill, feeling regretful for leaving her mother this way. When she got out of class, however, she went to spend some money from her Papi’s winnings on some new shoes and felt great. Afterward, she called her parents to tell them she was on her way home, but nobody answered the phone. Diane dashed home, afraid her parents had been “taken.” When she saw her Papi’s car in the driveway, she thought it was a good sign.
Diane was born in the summer of 1986 with citizenship in the US—a status that her parents and older brother Eric did not have. Diane’s parents both worked multiple jobs, taking whatever work they could find. They always tried to be home for supper, which was important family time. When Diane’s parents were at work, Eric would look after her, as he was 10 years older than his sister. Diane’s parents were both excellent cooks and always ensured there was food in the fridge, though the family lived with little financial means. Diane’s parents took pride in their appearance and passed this value onto their children. The neighborhood was filled with other immigrants, and they formed a community that relied on each other and regularly celebrated together. The family would often house new immigrants in their apartment while they got settled. Diane met her best friends, Dana, Gabriela, and Sabrina, when she was a young child. She recalls the simple experiences of childhood when she spent hours playing with her friends. Guerrero writes that these memories keep her grounded through difficult times. The chapter ends with a photograph of Diane’s parents looking “real ‘70s.”
Diane provides some family details. Her parents never wanted to leave Colombia. They both loved their country and hometown despite hardships and having to work from a young age. Both of Diane’s parents experienced personal loss. Eric’s father was abusive to Diane’s Mami before Diane’s parents met and started a life together. After the deaths of several family members, Diane’s mother wanted to join her sister in the US for a new life and to raise Eric in a place that she considered to be filled with opportunity. Diane’s Papi had been more reluctant, particularly because the plan was to get a 90-day visa and then stay as undocumented immigrants in the hope of not being discovered. Once in the US, the family made efforts to gain citizenship but had not been successful.
Diane recalls how Eric and her Papi would argue often, as it was clear that Eric felt out of place and like his future was without hope. Being undocumented meant Eric could not do the things that he wanted to, making him rebellious. Diane’s parents would often argue over Eric and his mental health and behavior. Once, when Diane was seven, she threatened to call the police if they didn’t stop. Her Mami warned her that doing so would mean she would lose her family, and Diane realized that everything she loved could easily be taken away.
Diane’s family life was defined by their quest for citizenship, and Diane learned at a young age never to tell anyone that her parents and brother were undocumented. When the Immigration Reform and Control Act was passed in 1986, Diane’s mother was filled with hope that they could finally gain legal status through a government pardon. Her father, on the other hand, was skeptical and worried that revealing themselves would result in deportation. He was recommended a lawyer who said he helped immigrants gain citizenship. The man charged a $500 initial fee and told Diane’s Papi it could take up to 10 years.
Diane’s school life was a mixed experience. She loved elementary school but found middle school more difficult as the school was affected by gang- and drug-related issues. It was also common for girls at the school to become pregnant at a young age, affecting their lives and opportunities. At 12, Diane applied to a leadership role to provide sex education to her peers. She also found a passion for music through jazz. She noticed that there were very few Latina actors or singers in the media and wondered if she had any hope of achieving success. Diane and her friends were often bullied for having a Colombian background, even within the Latin community. Guerrero notes that racism can exist within racial groupings, just as it exists between them. Diane was average academically; her school was not excellent and her parents could not afford tutors or any other help. Similarly, Eric’s mental health declined as the family could not afford to seek help. Eric had a child with his girlfriend, Gloria, and although they married, their marriage soon fell apart. The relationship breakup left him more unhappy than ever.
The opening chapters to Guerrero’s memoir immediately provide deeply personal dive into her family life growing up, as well as into the wider issues contextualizing her experience. The photographs in her memoir establish the intimate nature of the material and its structure as a life story; these photos will provide an additional view of her experiences and how she grew from a “the kid who’s shy on the outside and bursting with song on the inside” (93) into an outspoken and bold woman.
Guerrero’s descriptions of her parents, their work, their efforts, and their relationship with her as a child speaks to the love and admiration she feels for them as a young child. The adult narrative voice looks back on childhood with nostalgia for lost innocence and security, but also with a retrospective evaluation which avoids idealizing the past. Guerrero notes that as a child she was told to be strong and not to cry, to keep her family’s status a secret and to repent for her sins. These messages left her with a deep sense of shame and fear of failure and their inclusion in this early section helps to signal and explain the later mental health challenges that Diane will face.
By describing, in detail, how the “wonder years” (15) were compared to how things were after her parents were taken, Guerrero illustrates The Strengths and Fragilities of Familial Bonds. When her most natural source of love and protection was taken from her as a child, Diane was left with the values her parents had instilled in her. While much of her childhood was happy and filled with joy, there was always a sense of foreboding and tension. Fear of being deported led to constant arguments between Diane’s parents, and Eric felt lost in a place that did not accept him. Both his and Diane’s mental health suffered, and each had to go through their own period of reconciliation and healing to recover. Diane’s harsh realization that her parents could be taken at any moment, without warning, set the precedent for each day of her life and everything she did. On top of all this, Diane experienced bullying and targeted harassment as a result of her heritage, and notes that “the stigma of being undocumented exists even within the Latin community” (45). As a child, Diane already showed signs of the person she would one day blossom into; she joined a leadership group in seventh grade, and always relished an opportunity to sing for her family.
These opening chapters also focus on the details of family life. This is accompanied by overt statements that seek to break down prejudices and negative assumptions about immigrants, especially the idea that they are a drain on society. Guerrero stresses that immigrating in any form takes immense courage and sacrifice. She writes that “[t]here’s ambition in an accent” (20), pointing out that leaving the familiarity of one’s home and language to start afresh somewhere else is a sign of a person’s drive. This is related to Using Trauma As Fuel for Hope of a Better Life, which is a value that came to define Diane.
Guerrero adopts a direct, personal style which may arguably be her own voice. She speaks casually, but also with dignity and poise. She takes each matter discussed seriously, but often includes jokes or sarcasm in her writing, sometime irreverent: “I know, I know: Other Latino groups look similar” (45). This tone makes her writing feel colloquial, fostering intimacy with the reader. Importantly, it helps to further the book’s social and educational purpose: rather than feeling as though Guerrero is talking down to her reader or trying to preach, she is simply herself and states her views in a respectful way. Guerrero explains the meaning behind important terms she will be using throughout her memoir to give the reader clarity, such as “deported” and “detained.” She acknowledges flaws in language and peoples’ perceptions of immigrants from the first chapter in order to preempt and diffuse race-based criticisms.
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