114 pages 3 hours read

Milkweed

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2003

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.

Chapters 43-45Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 43 Summary

Misha works on the farm and is tied to the stable post in the barn every night. Elzbieta, the farmer’s wife, tells Misha that he must not run away or that the farmer and her will both be killed and fed to the pigs. Misha continues to work, living alongside the donkey and mice. One day, a man with a horse and cart comes by the farm and says something to the farmer. That night, Misha overhears the farmer shouting in the house; later, Elzbieta sneaks him bread and tells him to run.

Misha realizes that the war is over and that he has been on the farm for three years. Misha continues to follow the tracks, though this time, thousands of Jewish people walk alongside him. Carnivals and markets spring up alongside the railroad, filled with people selling things. A man sells tickets to see the body of Hitler in a tent. Misha sneaks inside the tent and sees a skeleton, its feet stuck in boots and its skull half-covered by a helmet.

Misha sees an orange for the first time in his life. He watches hucksters attempt to sell their wares. Misha walks the tracks and roads, offering services to farmers in exchange for food and a place to sleep. When Misha is unable to find work, he steals food and drinks water from bomb craters. Misha rides the trains, but he is never able to find Janina or the candy mountain.

Misha hears the story of Hansel and Gretel and thinks that the ending is not true, that it is not the witch who dies in the oven. He returns to Warsaw and sees it is being rebuilt. Misha hears a jackhammer and hides, thinking it is a machine gun. Instead of bodies on the street, there are people sleeping in alleys. The wall is gone from around the ghetto, and though Misha tries to find the places he once knew, they are all gone.

Misha hears about the revolt. The spring following Misha’s departure from the ghetto, Jews in the ghetto revolted against the Jackboots with stolen weapons. The revolt was crushed by the Jackboots by May and the 40,000 people left in the ghettos were sent to the concentration camps. Misha realizes then that Uri saved him. Misha smiles as he pictures Uri infiltrating the Nazis and revolting against them, “invisible no more, calling all the world’s attention to himself” (154).

Misha wanders the street of Warsaw, stealing food. One day, Misha smells mint and sees Buffo, now emaciated and dirty. Misha taunts Buffo, calling him “fatman” and mocking him (155). Misha punches Buffo in the stomach and shows him the tattered and dirty blue and white armband Misha has kept. Buffo refuses to look at Misha and shuffles away. Misha watches him disappear into the crowd and lets the armband fall to the ground.

Chapter 44 Summary

Misha realizes that he does not truly know normalcy. For Misha, normalcy is marked by stolen food and water from a ditch. Misha slowly learns about money and toilets and things others may have viewed as basic facets of life. He returns to the countryside, stealing things and placing them in a little cart he pulls.

Misha becomes a huckster and finds his voice, calling out into the street for people to come and buy his wares. Misha admits, however, that he was more preoccupied with talking than selling. He thinks that before the end of the war, he had “not spoken two thousand words in [his] life” (156). Misha now speaks constantly, even when he has nothing to sell. Eventually, Misha gets enough money to buy a steamship ticket to America.

An immigration officer in America renames Misha as Jack Milgrom. Misha learns English and becomes a salesman. Misha is still small, malnutrition having halted his growth at five feet, one inch. Misha’s missing ear now looks like a “clump of cauliflower” and his appearance keeps him from getting hired at job (156). He is eventually hired to sell a vegetable chopper in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Misha begins by talking about the chopper, but eventually, people lose interest. In a desperate bid to get their attention, Misha begins talking about Doctor Korczak and the cow.

Misha continues to talk, unable to stop recounting stories about his time in Warsaw. Misha tells them everything, except for Janina. Some people stop to listen to him, but Misha sells no miracle choppers. Misha is fired but he realizes that he needs to speak. He speaks and shouts on the boardwalk and does the same in Philadelphia. Misha earns money by doing odd jobs. On the corner of Thirteenth and Market, in November, Misha meets his wife.

Vivian listens to his stories and comes back every day, bringing Misha hot chestnuts, and eventually bringing him home with her. Misha does not understand why Vivian listens to him, but soon, he tells her all of his stories. The marriage lasts only five months. Their life is marked by the scars of Misha’s past. Misha slams the door in the faces of caroling children. He tears up a copy of Hansel and Gretel when he sees it in a store window. He turns on the cold water in the shower and tries to stand it for as long as he can. Misha still steals fruit from stands, does odd things at parades, and laughs in the wrong situations. He cries for no reason and has nightmares about flames and Jackboots.

Vivian leaves him and Misha suspects that she is pregnant. Misha returns to street corners, talking about everything he saw in Warsaw. He realizes that it was important for him to talk, to speak the truth of what happened to him. Years pass, and Misha continues to tell his stories until one day, near City Hall in Philadelphia, when two women in their seventies stop to listen to him. One of the women cups his missing ear, smiles, and says to him, “we hear you. It’s enough. It’s over,” and Misha never shouts on another street corner again (158).

Misha is stocking shelves in a grocery store when his daughter finds him.

Chapter 45 Summary: “Today”

Chapter 35 begins with Misha’s granddaughter, Wendy, calling out for his attention. Misha/Jack remembers when his daughter found him at the grocery store. Katherine Milgrom has dark brown hair and is twenty-five years old. When Katherine finds him, she tells Jack that she has been looking for him for forever. Katherine says that she has saved a gift for him for the last four years. Katherine wants Jack to give her daughter, Wendy, a middle name. Jack does not hesitate and names her Janina.

Katherine takes Jack home with her without hesitation. Misha/Jack is a kind grandfather to Wendy Janina, holding her when she is upset, and is happy to watch her as she plays. Jack enjoys the autumn day and is unable to keep from admiring the milkweed pods. Jack explains how he had once told Katherine to drive around town with him. Jack had brought along a bucket and trowel and Katherine did not question him, neither did she object when he planted milkweed at the end of the yard. Katherine does not ask Jack questions. Misha explains that she knows everything that Vivian does but Jack has kept the secret of his sister, Janina, for himself.

Katherine asks if Jack will ever tell her why he gave Wendy the name Janina and Jack promises that he will. Wendy Janina calls out to Jack excitedly, calling him “Poppynoodle” (162). Jack thinks of all the names he’s had throughout his life, from Stopthief to Gypsy to Jew, and is happy that he is now Poppynoodle. 

Chapters 43-45 Analysis

The final section of the novel skips large amounts of time and moves rapidly from place to place, though Misha remains stagnant. After the horrors of the war and the loss of his friends, family, and Janina, Misha seems to be stuck in stasis. He roams around Poland almost aimlessly, trying to find Janina and the candy mountain before he finally returns to Warsaw. Nothing is left for Misha in Warsaw and everything he used to know is now gone.

In Warsaw, Misha confronts Buffo. The boogeyman of Misha’s nightmares is no more than a shell of his former self. Buffo is no longer a threat; everything has changed. It is also in Warsaw that Misha realizes Uri was part of the revolt against the Jackboots and shot Misha to save his life. Uri’s devotion to Misha and protectiveness over those who are helpless remains a constant in Misha’s mind. Misha leaves Warsaw and finds his voice. After years on the streets and in the ghetto, Misha sells stolen items, calling out and hawking his wares.

Misha’s voice and need to speak and tell his stories reflect the innate loneliness after years in the ghetto. Misha is alone, but through becoming a salesman, both in Poland and in the United States, Misha is subconsciously calling out for help and for someone to listen to him. This is made apparent when two women listen to Misha’s stories and then tell him, “we hear you. It’s enough. It’s over” (158). The need for connection is vital, and this finally prompts Misha to stop shouting on street corners.

Misha’s need for connection is temporarily sated when he meets Vivian. Misha tells Vivian all of his stories, except for Janina. The trauma of the Holocaust leaves Misha with many scars, some physical and others mental. While this may have seen as forms of post-traumatic stress disorder and survivor’s guilt, Misha is only able to find peace by telling his stories on the street.

Katherine and Wendy Janina are the new constants of Misha’s life. They do not intrude on Misha’s old lives and are, instead, patient and kind. Misha’s identity has continued to evolve. He has been many things, from an unnamed boy, to Stopthief, to stupid, to Misha Pilsudski, to Gypsy, to Misha Milgrom, to Jew, to Jack Milgrom, and finally to “Poppynoodle” (162). Misha/Jack’s identity is finally his own, marked by the relationship between him and his beloved granddaughter rather than by desperation, convenience, prejudice, or bigotry.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
Unlock IconUnlock all 114 pages of this Study Guide

Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.

Including features:

+ Mobile App
+ Printable PDF
+ Literary AI Tools