114 pages 3 hours read

Milkweed

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2003

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Chapters 31-33Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 31 Summary: “Winter”

Misha sees Uri dressed in nice clothes in the lobby of the Jackboot hotel. He calls after him and follows, only for Uri to lock them both in a dark room and whisper into Misha’s ear. Uri tells Misha that he works in the laundry, that his name is not Uri there, and warns Misha never to come back to the hotel. That same night, Misha is unable to find Janina. Janina usually follows Misha, though she pretends she does not, and Misha is unsettled by her sudden absence.

Misha finishes his smuggling and allows himself to wait at the wall for a moment, worried that Janina or his friends may have been caught by the many patrols along the wall. Misha finds Janina staring at a body hanging from a streetlight. Both Janina and Misha recognize the body as Olek.

Chapter 32 Summary

Enos tells Misha that the sign on Olek’s body read, “I was a smuggler” (116). The boys mourn for their friend in their own ways. While Ferdi smokes and Kuba remains silent, Big Henryk weeps. Misha tells the boys that he saw Uri but no one pays him any mind. The next day, snow falls in the ghetto and Misha visits the orphanage and Doctor Korczak. Doctor Korczak continues to teach the children how to sing. Misha spies a boy trying to eat newspaper.

Misha sees Uncle Shepsel on the street. Uncle Shepsel appears cheerful and Misha is surprised by his sudden change in outlook. The day appears just as gray as any other to Misha. Misha watches as a man bangs his head into a stone wall over and over until he bleeds. Uncle Shepsel asks Misha why he returns to the ghetto every night, when he could simply flee. Misha says nothing in return.

When Misha returns to the Milgroms’ room, he sees that Mrs. Milgrom is dead. Misha remembers calling Mrs. Milgrom “mother” once, but she refused to acknowledge him. Misha calls Mr. Milgrom “Tata,” just like Janina does, and Mr. Milgrom takes them both into his lap to comfort them (117). The next day, Mr. Milgrom gives the undertaker a bottle of pills in exchange for a burial. Misha observes Mr. Milgrom putting on a small black hat.

Uncle Shepsel stays behind in the room. The other members of the Milgrom family march in their own pseudo-parade down the street. Misha watches as women with fox furs around their necks cry and hurry along in the street. All furs are to be turned in to the Jackboots. Eventually, the small procession reaches the cemetery. After they lay Mrs. Milgrom in her grave, bombs start to fall around the city. Mr. Milgrom and the children hide in the grave with Mrs. Milgrom. Janina finds a milkweed pod in her pocket.

Chapter 33 Summary

Misha and the rest of the Milgroms are forced to deal with the side effects of the bombing. While Uncle Shepsel believes that the Russian bombing is a sign that they are saved, most believe this to be false. With new people being forced into the ghetto every day, space is a commodity. When the family returns to the room, they find other people there. Mr. Milgrom allows the five adults and twin boys to take up residence in the room.

The winter is long and people in the ghetto continue to starve. Misha describes the haunted look of orphans in the streets. It has become difficult for Misha and Janina to find food past the wall, after the bombing; the only thing they have in quantity is lice. Misha describes an instance where he and Janina watch as a couple of Jackboots and their girlfriends throw pieces of bread onto the ground and watch as people lunge for the food. Misha notices one Jackboot lady who does not laugh.

Misha watches as a boy tries to follow a man who claims that he will lead the children to candy mountain, but the child is too slow to catch up with him. Misha and Janina are no longer able to leave food on the table due to the strangers and sneak the food into the pockets of Mr. Milgrom and Uncle Shepsel instead. One night, Misha and Janina see that someone is throwing food over the wall and the children momentarily have a vacation of sorts, feasting with the family. This goes on for a few days before, suddenly, the influx of food stops.

Misha and Janina usually meet on the outside of the ghetto before returning back together. One night, Misha is unable to fit through the hole. Misha strips out of all of his clothes before he is able to re-enter the city. The next day, Misha asks Big Henryk to beat his feet so that he will stop growing. As they are in the middle of this, the boys are distracted by a horrendous screaming noise. They watch as a Jackboot sets a cow on fire, the animal bounding into the air, aflame, before it is mobbed by starving people.

Chapters 31-33 Analysis

This section of the novel is replete with the horrors of war and death. Olek, Mrs. Milgrom, and the mystical cow are all murdered by the Jackboots, though in different ways. Each death has a profound impact on Misha and Janina. Olek’s death serves as a warning and a reminder to both Janina and Misha. Both children have been evading capture for smuggling thus far and while the threat of violence has been omnipresent, Olek’s death is a harsh reminder not only to the children but also to readers. Olek is hanged from a lamp post with a sign that reads “I was a smuggler” hanging around his neck (116), and is a warning to every smuggler in the ghetto.

Olek’s death stands in direct contrast to Mrs. Milgrom’s, which is silent and private. Mrs. Milgrom does not die directly at the hands of the Jackboots; she wastes away, instead, turning her back not only on the room but also on the life forced upon her by the ghetto. Mrs. Milgrom is also the only individual who is celebrated in death, with proper rites and a burial. Even death is not immune from the war’s influence, however, as bombs rain down on the funeral and Janina, Misha, and Mr. Milgrom hide in Mrs. Milgrom’s grave.

The death of the cow is also the death of hope. The cow is a symbol of sustenance and optimism in the ghetto. Doctor Korczak, the boys, Janina, and Misha have all spoken of the cow, and the animal has become less of a rumor and more of a myth. The people of the ghetto cling fervently to the image of the cow and the Jackboots light that hope aflame and destroy it. It is significant that the first time Misha hears the moo of the cow, it is distorted and wrong. The symbol of the cow lit aflame reflects the ways in which the Holocaust and Nazis have systematically and purposefully broken the spirits, minds, and bodies of the Jewish people.

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