55 pages 1 hour read

Love in Excess

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1719

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Part 3, Pages 163-216Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3, Pages 163-216 Summary

Grief-stricken and confused, D’elmont travels to Rome. He and Melliora continue to correspond, which gives him hope that she might someday change her mind and agree to marry him. In Rome, many women take notice of D’elmont, but he ignores all of them. One day, he receives an anonymous letter from a woman professing her love and desire for him. D’elmont attempts to politely discourage her with a note, but her servant (who has delivered the letter) tries to insist that D’elmont go to her house and meet with the anonymous woman. The servant is so insistent that he and D’elmont nearly have a physical fight before the servant leaves.

A short time later, D’elmont is out for a walk when he notices that a woman walking near him has dropped a valuable jewel. He hurries to return it to her; when she begins speaking to him, he realizes that she is the same woman who sent him the notes, and who contrived the meeting to speak with him. The woman is also stunningly beautiful. The pair are interrupted before D’elmont has the chance to tell her that he can never return her feelings. After the encounter, D'elmont feels guilty because he knows the pain unrequited love can cause, and he worries that this woman might come to a tragic fate similar to that of Amena or Alovisa.

That night, D’elmont is out walking when he comes upon a man fighting against three other men. D’elmont is concerned that the man is outnumbered and joins the fight. The stranger ends up killing one man with a pistol, and the other two run off; the stranger chases them, and D’elmont is left alone. He fears he might be blamed for the death of the man who was killed, so he slips into the garden of a nearby house. While hiding in the garden, D’elmont hears two women speaking: One of them is the woman who is desperately in love with him. She tells her companion, Brione, all about her schemes to get D’elmont’s attention and states that she believes she will eventually win D’elmont’s love.

While D’elmont is trying to sneak out of the garden, the two women catch sight of him. When they receive word that Roman officials are looking for a man who was involved in a fatal street-fight, they protect D’elmont by claiming that they have not seen anyone. D’elmont expresses his gratitude, and the woman insists that he come back to see her the next day. D’elmont agrees, although he does not intend to pursue a romantic or sexual relationship with her.

The next day, a very handsome young man comes to D’elmont’s residence, demanding to see him. The man reveals that he is Frankville, Melliora’s brother. Frankville is enraged with D’elmont for mistreating and dishonoring Melliora. D’elmont explains that he loves Melliora and has never disrespected her. Frankville gradually becomes less angry, especially when they realize that Frankville was the man involved in the street fight and that D’elmont saved his life.

After D’elmont and Frankville reconcile, Frankville explains how and why he sought out D’elmont. Monsieur Sanseverin (Amena’s father) sent Frankville a letter accusing D’elmont of seducing Melliora and murdering his wife. Sanseverin is embittered that D’elmont was allowed to get away with this crime. He informed Frankville that D’elmont had fled to Rome, and also explained that Melliora has left the convent and is likely going to go to him.

D'elmont is astonished to learn that Melliora has left the convent, and becomes panicked that she has run off with a new lover. Frankville ends up reassuring D’elmont that Melliora must still love him; he is not convinced that anything Sanseverin wrote is actually true, and therefore is not convinced that Melliora left the convent. D’elmont tells Frankville all about his relationship with Amena, his unhappy marriage, and his devotion to Melliora. Frankville then tells D’elmont about his own woes.

Frankville (like D’elmont and Brillan) was born into a noble French family, but has spent much time travelling around Europe. After he came to Italy, Frankville became close friends with an older man named Cittolini. Cittolini hoped that Frankville would marry his daughter, Violetta. Cittolini has a sister, Ciamara, who is a widow with a stepdaughter named Camilla. Ciamara is planning to have Camilla marry Cittolini in order to keep the young woman’s fortune within the family. While accompanying his friend on a visit, Frankville caught sight of Camilla and immediately fell in love with the beautiful young woman. Frankville becomes conflicted about whether he can justify courting Camilla while knowing that his friend wants to marry her; he is delighted when he learns that Camilla has rejected Cittolini’s advances.

Frankville begins scheming for opportunities to get to know Camilla. Meanwhile, he is also being pressured by Cittolini to get to know Violetta. Violetta sends Frankville a message, asking him to meet with her in secret. When he goes to the meeting, Frankville is surprised to encounter Camilla instead. Camilla reveals that she has seen Frankville several times from afar and fallen in love with him. These feelings have made her even less inclined to marry Cittolini, and she also became alarmed when she learned that Frankville might be marrying Violetta. Camilla wrote to Frankville under false pretenses so that she could engineer a meeting and see how he responded to her. Frankville is, of course, delighted to learn that Camilla is also in love with him.

Frankville makes excuses to avoid pursuing courtship of Violetta, claiming that he has changed his mind and doesn’t plan to stay in Rome. Meanwhile, he meets with Camilla in secret every night, and the two of them begin having sex. Frankville and Camilla plan to marry in secret and then leave Rome, but just before they are able to do so, Camilla alerts Frankville that Ciamara and Cittolini have found out about their relationship (a servant betrayed them). She fears for his life and they can no longer meet.

It is another 10 days before Camilla can even send him another letter. In the second letter, Camilla expresses her despair, and explains that she won’t even be able to send him more letters: Violetta (who is Camilla’s cousin and confidante) has been colluding to send the messages to Frankville but she is soon going to depart for her father’s estate. The only hope Camilla can see is if Frankville can find a trustworthy friend who can visit her by claiming to be sent on behalf of Cittolini. Frankville concludes his story; he has been languishing and trying to find a way to get to Camilla.

D’elmont immediately offers to take a message to Camilla. Since no one in Rome knows there is any relationship between him and Frankville, he will not create any suspicions. Frankville writes a passionate letter confirming his love for Camilla, and explaining that he has been violently attacked (referencing the streetfight in which D’elmont saved him). D’elmont goes to Ciamara’s home to take the message to Camilla. He secretly hopes that, if he can bring about the marriage between Camilla and Frankville, Melliora will want to reward him for helping her brother. D’elmont claims to have a message for Camilla from Cittalino; the servants seem very surprised to see him. Eventually, as directed, they bring him to Camilla and he is stunned to see that she is the same beautiful woman who has actively been pursuing him.

Camilla explains that D’elmont is so desirable that no woman could prefer anyone else over him. D’elmont explains that both his loyalty to Frankville, and his love for Melliora, make it impossible for him to return her feelings. Camilla expresses rage, jealousy, and anguish when D’elmont rejects her, but he stays firm and hurries away. When D’elmont reunites with Frankville, the latter becomes suspicious that D'elmont might have fallen for Camilla. D’elmont explains what happened, sending Frankville into confusion and grief.

Part 3, Pages 163-216 Analysis

In the final portion of the novel, Haywood introduces the novelty of a new setting, Rome. Not unlike Paris, this locale represents a somewhat exotic location and one even more steeped in Catholic tradition. The change in setting also reflects significant development in D’elmont’s character. He changes his priorities, such that “ambition, once his darling passion, was now wholly extinguished in him” (163) and becomes much melancholic and solitary, “preferring a solitary walk, a lonely shade, or the bank of some purling stream” (166). Rather than the virile and sociable figure portrayed at the beginning of the novel, D’elmont now becomes moodier and more sensitive. Even though it is unclear whether he and Melliora will ever be together, D’elmont also remains staunchly faithful, exemplifying the theme of Fickleness Versus Unchanging Love. While D’elmont has been fickle in some of his previous interactions with women, including Amena and Alovisa, the complete devotion he shows towards Melliora marks her as his one true love.

D’elmont’s fidelity and lack of interest in other women is developed through the initial encounters with Ciamara, during which she sends him anonymous letters, and arranges a brief interaction. Ciamara is strikingly beautiful, which further highlights D’elmont’s fidelity—he is not swayed by even a very tempting woman who is openly offering herself to him. Not only is D’elmont capable of deep loyalty, he shows significantly more empathy, fretting because “the remembrance of what he suffered thus agitated, in the beginning of his passion for Melliora, made him extreamly pity the unknown lady” (172). Since D’elmont has now suffered, he is capable of having empathy for the women who are suffering unrequited love for him, rather than seeing them as opportunities for his own gratification.

For her part, Ciamara (she is not named until later in Part 3) reprises several aspects of Alovisa’s plotline. As a widow (and like Alovisa), Ciamara has a significant amount of social and economic freedom; also like Alovisa, she develops an abrupt and intense fixation on D’elmont after minimal interactions with him. Ciamara uses language similar to Alovisa when she declares her impulse to “utter all the furious wishes of my burning soul!—I trembled—panted—raged with inward agonies” (175). Ciamara’s feelings provide another example of the theme of The Power of Passion: She even takes the same initial action as Alovisa, sending D’elmont anonymous letters. Given the conclusion of Alovisa’s storyline, Ciamara’s intense desire is presented in a foreboding fashion.

Frankville’s subplot about his relationship with Camilla adds additional narrative intrigue to the final portion of the novel. This subplot is particularly important given that D’elmont is also effectively out of commission as a romantic hero due to his loyalty to Melliora. Many aspects of Frankville and Camilla’s romance echo interactions between D’elmont and Melliora, including their immediate and intense attraction to one another, obstacles and objections to their love, and even their illicit nighttime meetings. Notably, Frankville and Camilla have been having sex even prior to marrying. As Frankville explains, “the soft, the trembling fair, dissolved in love; yielded without reserve” (197) and “what in others, palls desire, added fresh force to mine” (197).

Frankville both highlights and complicates the stereotype of a man losing interest once a woman yields to his desire, but this case provides an example of how a woman might pursue her desires without being punished by the usual Constraints on Feminine Desire. Camilla is not presented as a “fallen” woman or as someone who deserves to suffer; she has chosen to act on the desire she felt for the man she loves, and he continues to admire and love her afterwards. By including this storyline, Haywood provides an additional, and more positive, example of how a woman might navigate desire and agency.

Despite these positive aspects, Camilla and Frankville’s relationship quickly encounters difficulties when he falls prey to jealousy and suspicion. Frankville conforms to a tendency for male characters to readily mistrust their lovers; D’elmont will subsequently become suspicious of Melliora’s fidelity as soon as he hears that she has left the convent. D’elmont’s report that “Camilla” (actually Ciamara in disguise) is in love with him aligns with the pattern displayed throughout the novel of women falling wildly in love with him, so Frankville’s misgivings are somewhat justifiable. However, both men are surprisingly quick to believe that the women they profess to love could be secretly betraying them. Their jealousy reflects the theme of Fickleness Versus Unchanging Love: They readily see their beloveds as likely to fall in love with someone else.

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