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It is May. The narrator starts crying multiple times a day after running out of her stash of cigarettes and other drugs. Aida notices the difference in the narrator’s eyes. The following day, a doctor calls and directs the narrator to take various readings, like blood pressure and weight. The doctor says that she is underweight.
The narrator’s birthday is in May; her generation is called “Generation Mayfly” because of a report that determined that their life spans would be shorter than those of previous generations (48).
When the report came out, the staff of the family restaurant where the narrator worked started getting into fights. However, the report didn’t upset the narrator: Her mother already considered her a disappointment. The narrator’s mother, who grew up impoverished in China, had won a scholarship to study medicine in China and then a visa to America. In the US, she married a Korean American man. However, this man became physically abusive and left the family. Meanwhile, the narrator’s mother’s Chinese medical credentials only got her an entry-level position in a nursing home. The narrator’s mother saved up enough money to move from Pasaje, California, to Los Angeles when the narrator got into the University of California, Los Angeles. The narrator hated their apartment and dropped out of school to become a chef. When they fought about this, the narrator cooked dinner as a peace offering. Her mother didn’t eat it, instead pulling the discarded parts of the fish, including the bones, out of the sink—the implication is that these should not be wasted. The narrator packed her things and took the cat. Her mother called her selfish but didn’t look at her.
This memory leads the narrator to think about the many ways she and her mother disagreed about food. Her mother would bring home recently expired, cheap food from the nursing home and hated expensive French food. She accused her daughter of trying to kill her with food and claimed that she wanted to kill her. This reminds the narrator of the Korean swear word that Aida knows.
In the present, the narrator cooks the kind of meal that the doctor recommended. However, she can’t eat more than a few bites and throws the plate to the ground. The cat sniffs it and also refuses to eat it. The narrator puts him back in the storeroom. Aida arrives: Her father has given the narrator permission to leave the kitchen. Aida takes the narrator for a drive. With them are two dogs that take a liking to the narrator, which surprises Aida. Aida talks about breeding them and others. The narrator laughs and admits that she doesn’t know as much about biology as Aida, who is working on her postdoctoral degree at the University of Milan.
Aida shows the narrator a secret elevator hidden in the mountain. As they travel underground, they change clothes. When the narrator sees Aida’s damaged feet, Aida explains that they are like this because she was a dancer. In protective clothing, they enter the labs inside the mountain. With Aida’s access card, the narrator sees a wide variety of animals, including a golden chimp, birds, small mammals, and big cats. She is especially intrigued by the lions, recalling a Ukrainian chef saying that being in the kitchen is like being a lion feeder.
Driving back, they talk about bringing animals back from extinction. The narrator, who will probably not get approval to return to the United States, says that she would choose to stay on the mountain if she had the choice. Aida is angry at the lack of choices. At the foot of the mountain, Aida lets her dogs run in an open field. Describing apex predators, Aida circles the narrator in the tall grass and pounces on her in an “antihuman” way (60). The narrator wonders if she should be frightened, but Aida lies beside her and says that she is safe. Aida points out that the grass smells like honey; it is genetically engineered to be healthier for animals. The smell was designed for Aida’s mother, a Korean woman who believed in the Catholic promised land of milk and honey.
As the sun sets, Aida warms the narrator’s hands under her shirt for a moment. Then, they work on training her dogs to retrieve without harming. Aida uses physical force in training, claiming that she could tell if she was truly hurting the dogs. After a training drill with inanimate lures, Aida releases a bird that she brought from the lab for the dogs. Suddenly, the narrator notices someone setting the edge of the field on fire. Aida is frozen in fear. The narrator remembers dreaming of her mother’s apartment and the restaurant burning; she runs to put out the flames with her coat. The dogs run with her.
The mountain community’s security personnel apprehend the arsonist. When he is questioned, he rails against Aida in Italian. His rage reminds the narrator of the attitude of the Italian immigration agents. He spits at Aida, who just stares back. The narrator leads Aida to the car. Slumping into the passenger seat, Aida tells the narrator to drive. As she retrieves the keys from Aida’s pocket, the narrator tells Aida that she watched hundreds of videos of fires after her mother’s apartment burned down—that’s how she was able to spot the fire so quickly. While working in a Parisian restaurant, the narrator had missed the call from the hospital on the night her mother died.
Aida curses the arsonist and refuses to translate most of what he said for the narrator, who doesn’t speak Italian. All Aida says is that he demanded “Italy for Italians” (65), and she assures the narrator that her actions in putting out the fire have earned her employer’s trust. Aida admits that there have been other attacks by those who want the non-Italian members of the mountain community gone. Her father has tried giving the government money and food, but their demands only increased. Aida worked in one of the labs that produced the mung-bean flour. They laugh about the terrible quality of it.
Aida is passionate about biodiversity and promises to talk to her father about giving the narrator a permanent position in the community. To persuade investors to buy in, the labs are creating megafauna. The narrator asks if the dogs are functional, which upsets Aida. She argues that her dogs could provide security. The narrator says that it would be normal to create dogs because you love them, but Aida argues that she can’t get sentimental.
When they part ways, the narrator gets the cat to eat some food and is able to eat some food herself. Her employer calls and offers to transition her into a permanent role. However, after getting the doctor’s report, her employer insists that the narrator eat more to improve her health and live a long life. The narrator thinks this is sentimental.
The narrator turns 30. To celebrate, she wishes for a permanent position, cooks a huge variety of fresh foods, and watches a K-drama while trying to brush the cat.
Her employer shows up in the kitchen the following Sunday—the first time the narrator has met him in person. His voice sounds different than it did over the phone. He explains that he can’t offer opinions about the food and then gives the narrator a package of fresh meat, which she can’t identify and he refuses to identify. Because Aida is traveling, this time the narrator will serve the meal. The employer tells her to wear the white dress from her closet, to smile but not speak during the meal, to pretend that she doesn’t understand English, and to lead the dinner group in prayer before the meal. The narrator thinks that this will be easier than quitting smoking.
When the guests arrive, most don’t speak to the narrator. When one guest addresses the narrator in the bathroom, the guest’s sister says that the narrator can’t understand English. The narrator finally gets to see how much people enjoy her cooking; only her employer is uninterested in the food. As he addresses the crowd in Italian, the narrator catches the word “Saavedra.” A guest replies in a rude tone in Italian. An American guest says in English that Saavedra’s connection to Roman Kandinsky is more important than his seed bank. The narrator’s employer replies in English that he is forging connections with Kandinsky, but the food comes from Saavedra. A French guest insults the narrator’s bean appetizer.
As her employer lectures with charts and graphs, the narrator serves the main course—the mystery meat—which she finds repulsive. When several guests also find the meat disgusting and start to leave, the narrator’s employer explains that the meat is from a woolly mammoth found near Saavedra’s seed bank. The American doesn’t believe that there are other investors lined up. The narrator’s employer claims that the mountain is under attack and rips the bandage off the narrator’s arm to reveal her burn. He embellishes the story of the arsonist and then bows his head. The narrator pretends to pray, moving her lips silently.
The narrator’s employer eats the mammoth meat with his bare hands. The other guests also eat, enjoying the food because of its rarity, not its taste. They toast the chef, who cries. Everyone is sick that evening from the food. Nevertheless, her employer pours her a drink and tells her how the guests complimented the meal, telling her to not be modest about her talents and comparing her to Joan of Arc. He gives her a permanent employment contract that stipulates that she must pretend to be his wife, Eun-Young, when serving food. The narrator suddenly realizes that he hired her for her looks, not her cooking skill. As she laughs at the scam he’s running, the employer says that Aida rejected previous candidates for the role of Eun-Young.
When the narrator’s employer met the real Eun-Young, he disliked her piety, thinking that her religion was a “pollutant” (83). The employer preferred rational thought, like Aida. However, he now sees the value of faith in procuring investors. He believes that the narrator will be good at inspiring faith because she believes in things herself. For example, she has faith that if she pays off the debts from the fire that destroyed her mother’s apartment, then she’ll move up the list and return to America—a belief that shows she has faith in her government against all logic. Besides, the narrator is more likable than him or Aida. The narrator replies that Italy hates him more than America hates her, but he answers that his allegiance is not to Italy.
They discuss how the Nazis destroyed the first food bank, and he offers her a signing bonus of the full amount of her mother’s debt. She asks him for even more money and for a clause that says she can leave the restaurant grounds. They drink whiskey, Eun-Young’s drink of choice for celebrations, and he brings up the “Japanese practice of hiring actors to replace missing loved ones” (86). When he notices her cat, she tells him that it’s just a street cat, to which he points out that some people eat Burmese cats as delicacies.
After he leaves, the narrator recalls seeing a viral video of her employer in which he refused to apologize for his utility company raising rates for heat during a blizzard and wiping out a woman’s savings. The narrator wouldn’t have taken a job that required her to pretend to be someone else when she was younger. After calculating her financial losses over the course of her career, she decides that the contract offers enough money for her to pretend.
This section, which begins with a description of the mountain, is set during the end of spring. In May, the narrator learns that the “sedge grass” that her employer had planted on the mountain smells like honey (61). This unusual quality makes the title of the novel literal. Not content with the metaphorical “land of milk and honey” that God promises the Israelites fleeing Egypt in the Bible’s Old Testament, the narrator’s employer has made the mountain he owns into an actual honeyed landscape. Ironically, while the biblical image is one that connotes plenty and satiety, the novel’s version of the land of milk and honey is a tiny, exclusive community that is only available to rich people and their employees.
Interactions between Aida and the narrator play on The Divide Between the Rich and the Poor, revealing similarities and differences in the ways that their childhoods have influenced their adult perspectives on the world. The narrator grew up knowing she couldn’t have everything, while Aida was raised in privilege without the same limits: “As a child, I’d been told there was a limit to the world. It seemed possible there might be none to Aida’s” (56). This has made Aida reckless—something the narrator sees in her driving. However, she does have to defer to men in authority, like her father. Although Aida has bred dogs on the mountain, she cannot simply appreciate what they look like or love them as pets in the way the narrator does toward her cat. Instead, Aida must take on her father’s insistence on utility and logic, finding ways to use the dogs and believing that she “can’t afford the luxury of sentiment” (69). That is, she has to prioritize her work as a biologist over love and aesthetics. On the other hand, the narrator’s lower status and artisanal skills give her the opportunity to influence the wealthy with the art of her cooking. When her employer finally allows her to serve the meal (rather than hide in the storeroom during dinner), she sees how she “had steered the powerful by their tongues” (75). She can even manipulate behavior: Salt dishes force the diners to drink. Thus, the narrator perceives freedom because of her socially determined boundaries, while Aida is only hampered by rules because she’s never had to abide by them.
The complex identity of the narrator explores Sexism in the Food Industry. Despite her prominence in the novel, the narrator remains unnamed—both by the author and by characters inside the narrative. For example, her employer “d[oes] not say [her] name. [She] can’t recall him ever saying it, not before this night, and certainly never after” (82). He never speaks her name because he has never seen her as a person in her own right: Rather, she’s been hired specifically to hide herself inside another persona, taking on the role of her employer’s wife, Eun-Young. To Aida’s sexist father, women are interchangeable; he never considers the ethics of contractually demanding that the narrator impersonate Aida’s mother, the restaurant’s previous chef, but simply throws increasingly more money down until the narrator agrees. The employer refuses to even evaluate narrator’s cooking—her only use to him is to persuade the residents of the mountain to invest more in his enterprise; she is a cipher more than a person.
It emerges in this section that Eating for Pleasure or Survival is a dichotomy that long predates the smog in the narrator’s life. In flashbacks, the narrator contrasts making food for pleasure with her mother’s ideas of eating for utilitarian purposes. To her mother, “Sustenance mattered over taste” (51)—the result of having faced privation as part of a low socioeconomic class. Having seen the precarity of survival and the nightmare of starvation, the narrator’s mother could not see cooking as an art form—this approach seemed wasteful rather than something to appreciate, which is why she pointedly retrieved the fish bones that the narrator had thrown away. The narrator, on the other hand, cooked in restaurants that cater to the wealthy and where food is meant to give pleasure, not merely be sustenance. She wanted her creations to be an ephemeral art rather than just caloric intake. In the present, both Aida’s father and the narrator evoke some aspects of the narrator’s mother. Aida’s father also takes “pleasure in nothing” (75), an attitude that recalls the narrator’s mother’s asceticism. However, unlike her, Aida’s father studies what brings other people pleasure, seeing how the narrator’s cooking seduces Aida, as well as his investors. While the narrator continues to create food for others’ pleasure, she is unable to enjoy the cooking—another resonance of her mother. The implication is that the narrator is physically rejecting something that she feels guilty for participating in.
The two generations have different perspectives, in part, due to Smog’s Ecological Impact. The narrator and Aida are part of “Generation Mayfly” (48), which scientists predicted would have a shorter life expectancy than that of the previous generation—a regression that has never happened before—because of the smog, as well as the conditions that led to its presence. However, Generation Mayfly has grown up with the expectation that survival is assured and that there is thus no reason not to pursue pleasure-giving work rather than simply laboring to subsist. After developing the scientific innovation of “gray, gritty, life-saving flour” (66), Aida and her colleagues on the mountain are more interested in creating biodiversity in the secret labs than in creating other monocrop solutions.
The shortened life spans of Generation Mayfly also develop the motif of time, which is underscored by the fact that May also marks the narrator’s 30th birthday—a milestone for which she has little to show besides a pretend family. Aida’s different careers are likewise linked by their relationship to time: “dance to genetics, arts utterly unlike except that their common medium is time” (55). Following the development of her experiments, she plays music that she can dance to, like Tchaikovsky’s Sleeping Beauty waltz—a piece that points to the idea that the animals Aida is creating are waiting for her kiss to awaken.
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