45 pages 1 hour read

In the Midst of Winter

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2017

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Chapters 4-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary

Evelyn relays the devastating story of her early life in Guatemala to Richard and Lucia. She emigrated to the U.S. from the town of Monja Blanca del Valle under the care of her grandmother, Concepcion Montoya. Concepcion raised Evelyn along with her two brothers, Gregorio and Andres, after their father disappeared and their mother Miriam emigrated to Chicago. Miriam was one of the many migrants who left Guatemala to earn money in the U.S. to send to family back home.

The civil war in Guatemala, which raged from 1960-1996, limited job opportunities for the populace. Gregorio became a drug user and eventually joined MS-13 (the Mara Salvatrucha gang), as many young men who remained in the country did. While Gregorio was able to earn money through the gang, Concepcion refused to accept anything that came from illegal activities, severing the relationship between them. Gregorio was eventually found murdered and hung with a sign that said that “this [is] how traitors and their families [die]” (49). After seeing her brother’s dead body, Evelyn developed a permanent stammer. Terrified for their lives, Andres arranged with Miriam to secure a guide and travel documents that would allow all of them to migrate to the U.S..

Chapter 5 Summary

After Evelyn finishes sharing her tragic story about growing up in Guatemala, Lucia shares her story. Lucia grew up in Chile with her mother Lena and her brother Enrique. Lucia’s father passed away in an accident when she was very young. She has little memory of her father. She learned later that her father was a bigamist who had married Lena and another woman. When Lena discovered this, she was furious and erased all presence of him from the house. When Lucia and Enrique would inquire about their father, Lena would refuse to share any information until they grew older.

Enrique and Lucia grew up with different dispositions. While Lucia had a “feverish imagination and boundless curiosity” (57), Enrique became a “cerebral type” (58) who held leftist political beliefs and was a Marxist. He was a supporter of Salvador Allende, the Socialist Party’s candidate for presidency. To everyone’s surprise, Allende became the first Marxist elected by democratic vote, which “attracted the interest of the entire world, and in particular the CIA” (59). For the next three years, Allende’s presidency forced everyone in the country to be politically involved, including Lucia, although her pro- and anti-government stances were always fickle. Lena imposed a “law of silence” (61) in the house regarding political talk, although protests and strikes continued to take place throughout the nation.

On September 11, 1973, a military coup took place against Allende. In addition to the declaration of martial law, “Congress was indefinitely suspended, as were civil rights, until the honorable Armed Forces restored law, order, and the values of Western, Christian civilization” (63-4). Lena celebrated this action, believing that the military “saved the country from the clutches of communism” (64) while Lucia was worried. They later learned that Enrique was put on a blacklist of people to hand over to the police for his leftist political activity. Eventually, armed men came to Lena’s house demanding that she turn over Enrique and Lucia to them, believing that Lucia was a sympathizer as well. When Lena lied about their whereabouts, they threatened to come back to retrieve Enrique and Lucia. Lena managed to seek a cardinal’s help to acquire asylum for Lucia at a Venezuelan embassy while Enrique went missing.

Chapter 6 Summary

When Richard wakes up the next day, he cannot remember how much he has shared of his past with Lucia and Evelyn. He assumes that he might have told the story of losing his wife, Anita, and his child, Bibi, to his alcoholism. He sees Lucia sleeping on his lap and experiences a tender moment towards her before brusquely pushing her off. He admires Lucia for her capabilities as an academic, quietly praising her for her ability to intervene in lecture questions about CIA intervention in Latin American countries. However, he is hesitant about pursuing a serious relationship with Lucia because of the “debt” (79) he feels he owes to Anita and Bibi.

The confessional night has led to what Richard describes as the “slow exorcism of his past” (79). When he thinks of Anita and Bibi, he experiences deep regret and resolves to live his life without extreme passions. He thinks of how different he is from his father, Joseph Bowmaster, a German Jew who escaped to France, then to Spain, and eventually to Portugal during the Hitler’s Nazi reign. In Portugal, he met his future wife, Cloe. Together, they moved to New York City and gave birth to Richard, who grew up resembling his mother more than his father. Richard’s father became a staunch advocate for undocumented immigrants and taught his son about giving charity to people regardless of where they might come from. Richard regrets adopting little of his father’s lessons in his adult life.

Richard calls his father to tell him that he is unable to make their weekly lunch because of Lucia and Evelyn. When he finishes his call, he loudly wakes up Lucia and Evelyn. Once Lucia wakes, she thinks about the past few years of her life, having endured mother’s death, undergone cancer, gotten divorced, and lost her beloved animal companion. Despite all that she has endured, she cannot help thinking about what Evelyn revealed of her suffering.

Chapters 4-6 Analysis

While Lucia, Richard, and Evelyn would not be forging a deep connection under ordinary circumstances, the fear and panic of Evelyn’s situation as well as the snowstorm outside forces the three of them to remain indoors until the next morning. These unexpected factors compel a round of deep sharing that Evelyn initiates to offer context towards her situation. In each of their sharing, their personal stories are embedded in larger historical narratives. For Evelyn, her story of migration is part of the larger socio-economic influences of U.S. and Central American relations leading to the increase in migration to the U.S. from countries like Guatemala that are becoming increasingly dangerous places. Meanwhile, Lucia’s adolescence and early adulthood were colored by her brother’s involvement in communist activism, which was punished by the rising dictatorship in Chile, leading to her eventual exile by association. While Richard did not suffer the same level of political oppression that the two women of color faced, his father was a Jewish survivor of the Nazi regime. Each of these characters’ personal and social histories inform the people they have become in their later adulthood and shows a connection of suffering between them regardless of ethnicity or gender.

 

While their personal and social histories would have remained separate before the snowstorm, Lucia’s intervention in Evelyn’s plea for help and Richard’s complicity in the car accident put into motion a plan that would begin to erode the psychological and geopolitical borders that once divided their experiences. Lucia’s sense of empathy through her own struggle enables her to identify with Evelyn’s suffering and compels Richard to act. Richard finds himself moved by Lucia’s passion while also identifying his disinclination to be involved as a “dangerous impulse” (69) as high emotions have led to devastation for him in the past. However, the depths of Lucia and Evelyn’s struggles help jolt Richard into perspective.

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