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Callie’s fascination with mycology and luna moths serves as a motif throughout the novel. Obviously, the mushrooms and moths are natural links to the supernatural world: The mushrooms form a fairy ring that creates a portal between the realm of human and the realm of Fae; the moths are drawn to the mushrooms for sustenance. This sustenance is both literal, as the moths find food and drink in these areas, and supernatural: The eerie, endangered, nocturnal moths serve as representatives of the Unseelie Fae, according to Prince Mendax. They live (and hunt) in the darkness, as do the Unseelie Fae; their powers of attraction derive from both their beauty and their uncanniness. As such, they quite appropriately represent the Unseelie faction of fairies.
The mushrooms, too, are magical in their own way. Callie does not find it difficult to believe that “Crazy Earl” might know where to find a patch of toxic mushrooms, for example: “They were poisonous mushrooms that, if eaten in small enough quantities, might not kill you but made you act out of sorts […] like Crazy Earl” (5). The mushrooms link the natural world to the supernatural world, acting as mind-expanding agents of possibility, linking Science and the Supernatural. Callie’s sighting of the golden fairy as a child is chalked up to her gathering of mushrooms; her vision must have been a hallucination. When discussing the destroying angel mushroom, Earl admits, that “[i]t’s the fungus that has ruined my life” (41). This could indicate either a real-world ingestion of mushrooms that have altered his mind (he lost his job because he was deemed cognitively impaired) or a supernatural encounter that has compromised his existence in some way. That the author chooses two actual species speaks to the aspiration to link directly the human world with the fairy realm.
This use of real-world species indicates that magic can be found in the mundane. When Callie witnesses, for the first time, a multitude of luna moths gathered together, she is enchanted: It was “a mystical display,” she thinks, “so magical looking,” not just “beautiful” but “ethereal” (61). One can be as awed by the natural world as by the supernatural. Fairy tales are derived not merely from the fantastical, but also by the actual. Later, when it is again suggested that Callie’s experiences with the Fae are the result of hallucinations caused by mushrooms with “the highest toxicity that has ever been recorded in fungi” (305), she almost immediately resists, insisting that her memories are real, that her experiences are authentic. She refuses to allow the expectations of others to destroy her entanglement with magic—and, indeed, Earl turns out to be Prince Aurelius of the Seelie Fae in disguise. As Callie notes near the beginning of the novel, “nature had no rules” (47); thus, it is entirely possible that the properties contained within mushrooms and moths, ordinary creatures of the everyday world, are magical.
Callie enjoys a connection to animals that, as the reader learns late in the book, is a gift from Queen Saracen of the Seelie. Cliff, the game warden, calls her a “Disney princess” (7), a reference to the birds and bunnies and other small animals who gather around Snow White in the forest. However, she harbors an irrational fear of snakes: “I loved all animals...well, except snakes. Don’t ask me why, but I am petrified of snakes. The slithering, the hissing” (59). There is irony in her phobia: Snakes are also highly symbolic, as the serpent often represents betrayal in Christian cosmology. Her mission, as an envoy of the Seelie, is to seduce and betray Prince Mendax.
Snakes are a contradictory symbol of Desire and Danger and life and death in the novel. Though they distract Callie from her primary task in the second trial, discerning between poison and antidote, they (again ironically) become her salvation: The venom in the snakes is the antidote for the oleander she mistakenly drinks. Mendax urges her to make the life-saving connection, speaking to her via their bonded link: “Fight, lamb. Show me the serpent I know you really are, Callie. Give me all the venom you’ve got” (250). Of course, this serves as a clue to her predicament, but it also reveals elements of Callie’s character. Her fear of snakes reflects an anxiety over her own impending betrayal, her own true nature. She will strike when necessary, bold and unafraid.
Finally, snakes are also symbolic of sexual desire and fertility, appropriate to the central relationship between Callie and Mendax. Their sexual encounters are often described using metaphors related to snakes: Callie “snaked [her] fingers through his satiny black hair” (261); Mendax’s wings “coiled their black smoke around [her] body” (264), as heat “coiled in [Callie’s] belly” (265); and Callie’s “voice [becomes] full of sultry venom” (277) near the end. These are all examples of how the contradictory impulses of fear and desire, love and betrayal intertwine.
The significance of revealing one’s true name is a motif that moves throughout folklore and literature: Odysseus tells Polyphemus that his name is “Nobody,” which allows him to escape; in some religious cultures, calling the supreme deity by name is verboten; in fairy tales, from both Eastern and Western traditions, knowledge of another’s true name grants the possessor power over the named. Here, the author honors that tradition in the realm of the Fae. As Lord Alastair Cain warns Callie, “in faerie worlds, a name holds power. Giving your name to someone is like giving them a piece of your soul” (118). Ironically, Callie is well aware of this already, as the reader learns later. She appears to brazenly blurt out her true name at any given opportunity—but Callie Peterson turns out to be a cover. Her given name is Calypso. In The Odyssey, her namesake enchants Odysseus, keeping him captivated for seven long years. Callie only must lure Mendax for a few short days.
Callie’s knowledge of the power of names represents her ability to manipulate Mendax, while true names symbolize a person’s authentic self. He both taunts her with his knowledge—“I hold your name on the tip of my tongue, pet” (173), implying he can control her with it—and falls prey to its seeming power. That is, he gives her his true name in return, giving her power over him the way she has, at least under his assumption, given him power over her: “My true name is Malum Mendax, Crown Prince of the Unseelie Court” (255). He, not Callie, is the one to deliver a piece of his soul to her. Still, when he discovers her betrayal, it is only after she thinks she has killed him. But, like Callie, Mendax is wily enough not to make such a mistake: “Of course I wouldn’t have shown her my real points of weakness” (301). Neither party is willing to relinquish all of their true selves, regardless of what those selves may be called. They both know how similar they are, and though they love each other, their relationship embodies Desire and Danger.
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