Gomorrah: A Personal Journey into the Violent International Empire of Naples’ Organized Crime System (2006) is a Mafia nonfiction book by Roberto Saviano. In the book, Saviano reveals the truth behind Naples’ Mafia and the wide-ranging effects of organized crime on the entire region. Critics praise Saviano for shedding light on the relationship between criminal organizations, the economy, and the state. Saviano is an Italian writer and journalist best known for writing Gomorrah. After numerous crime bosses threatened Saviano, the Italian Minister of the Interior awarded him a permanent police escort. Many Italians regard him as a national hero. Although Saviano is critical of organized crime in Gomorrah, he admits that it plays a huge part in the growth of the Italian economy. It is so entrenched in all areas of Italian society that, without it, the country wouldn’t be the same. To understand the Mafia and other criminal organizations, we must appreciate the role they play in Italian daily life. Gomorrah tells the story of the notorious Neapolitan crime organization, the Camorra. Insiders and other regional criminals refer to the Camorra as “the System,” because the Camorra controls everything. Although Saviano has direct experience working under the Camorra, he has never been part of the organization. Because Saviano grew up in Naples, he has direct access to both ordinary locals and organized criminals. To write the book, he spoke with counterfeiters, hitmen, drug dealers, and traders who know their industries couldn’t survive without the Camorra's help. He also spent time working in factories and other companies owned by the Camorra so he could expose the truth from the inside. The Camorra’s influence extends across the world. Saviano uses Angelina Jolie as an example. One day, he spoke with a Neapolitan tailor who had just found out that the Camorra sent a suit that he made to Hollywood. He had no idea that Angelina Jolie would wear his design, and he’s not allowed to reveal his identity. He receives barely 600 euros a month in wages, but he is designing clothes for some of the richest names in Hollywood. There is nothing unusual about exploiting talented Italians for commercial gain; it is how the organization operates. Through smaller subsidiary companies, top fashion houses auction tailoring contracts to Southern Italian sweatshops. The sweatshop owners who want to take part enter a race to complete the tailoring in the quickest time possible. The winning sweatshop gets the money, and its goods are sold around the world. The others are forced to sell their goods as forgeries in whatever market they can find a place for them. Sometimes, all that separates an authentic Italian handbag from a “forgery” is whether the sweatshop won the race. If we buy a forgery from a street dealer, there is a chance that we’re buying a real item at a knockoff price. The Camorra, then, Saviano explains, controls what can only be described as a global supply chain. They don’t just sell drugs, arrange contract killings, or influence politics. They use legitimate and semi-legitimate business ventures to control markets around the world. Their pervasive influence makes them deadlier than other well-known criminal organizations, including the Sicilian Mafia. Saviano talks about the relationship between politicians and the Camorra bosses. Camorra bosses head local clans. They fight for control of lucrative contracts and clan violence is commonplace. Politicians can be separated into two groups—those who are Camorra members and those who support their activities from a distance. The reality is that local leaders and politicians cannot afford to alienate the Camorra. Without the Camorra, the local community cannot prosper. In other words, turning down a relationship with them is political suicide. Saviano claims that it is naïve to assume there is a single corner of Italy that is not touched by the Camorra's influence. No overview of organized crime is complete, Saviano notes, without looking at the drug trade. Drugs are undoubtedly a huge part of the Camorra system, even if not the only part. The drug trade in Naples is a well-oiled machine. The Camorra controls everything, from the ports to international distribution. An extremely lucrative side of the Neapolitan economy, one clan can invoice over 300 million euros for cocaine distribution alone. Saviano also touches on the toxic and most troubling parts of organized crime. In Naples, the Camorra took over Italy’s waste disposal sector. They illegally dispose of industrial and chemical waste by using improper labels. They dump this poisonous material in landfills, using child laborers to unload it. Cancer rates are skyrocketing, but it is unclear how to fix the problem. Saviano concludes by reflecting on what we can do about criminal control of the international economy. He wrote Gomorrah to stimulate discussion and fuel outrage over the injustices, though he is aware that there is no such thing as an easy fix here. All we can do is talk openly about the Camorra and expose organized crime for how dangerous it is.

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Roberto Saviano

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