43 pages 1 hour read

Extra Credit

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2009

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Chapters 15-21Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 15 Summary: “Flag”

Sadeed hurries home from school with Abby’s letter in his pocket. He knows that his teacher suspects something about his letter writing, but he’s mostly excited to read the rest of Abby’s letter, as he now considers her a friend. On his way home a strange man comes up to Sadeed and grabs his arm, asking him where he is going. Sadeed is scared of the man, whose face is half-covered with a scarf. The man demands money or food, and goes through Sadeed’s pockets, finding his letter from Abby. The stranger is furious that Sadeed has a letter from America and accuses him of being a spy, threatening Sadeed and his family with violence. He rips up the letter and throws it away before Sadeed runs away. He waits until the man is headed back up into the mountains, and then runs back and picks up the pieces of the letter. Still afraid, Sadeed races home with the ripped-up letter. When Amira demands to see it. He shows it to her, and tells her a bully ruined it. Sadeed decides to talk to his teacher about what happened.

Chapter 16 Summary: “Decisions”

Sadeed’s teacher, Mr. Jafari, is concerned about this news, and wonders if the strange man was a Taliban fighter. He tells Sadeed to inform the village elder, Akbar Khan, and soon everyone in the village knows what happened. When the village elders meet with the teacher, they insist that the letter writing should stop, since it is provoking suspicion and unrest. Mr. Jafari believes that they should send one more letter to Abby to explain the situation, and Mr. Khan agrees. While Mr. Jafari is saddened to stop the pen pal exchange, he feels hopeful that he will continue to improve his students’ lives in other ways.

Chapter 17 Summary: “Not Stupid”

Sadeed and Amira tape the pieces of Abby’s letter back together. Amira is eager to hear the rest of the letter, and Sadeed translates it into Dari for her. Abby concludes her letter by stating that she doesn’t have a boyfriend, but she is friends with some boys. She answers Sadeed’s comments about English books by mentioning that she, too, has read “Frog and Toad Are Friends” and compares herself to Toad because she also loves big creative projects. Abby suggests that she and Amira should compare their spring weather and wishes Amira the best. While she does not mention him, Abby’s letter contains many references to Sadeed’s previous message to her.

After finishing the letter, Sadeed feels a growing friendship with Abby, and is amazed at how they are sharing so much of their lives, even though she is a girl. Amira and Sadeed take Abby’s soil out of the bag and spread it on a piece of paper. They feel privileged to be the second and third people to ever touch it, and try to imagine fields of the same dark, rich soil. Sadeed feels more connected to Abby by imagining her in the woods and fields of Illinois. He carefully packs the soil and letter back into his vest pocket, reflecting on his friendship with Abby.

Chapter 18 Summary: “Flag”

Meanwhile, it is Tuesday morning in Illinois and Abby notices that the flag of Afghanistan has been taken off of her project display. Annoyed, Abby asks her teacher, Mrs. Beckland, why the flag is missing. Mrs. Beckland reveals that a student and parents from her class complained about the flag and said it made them uncomfortable because of the Islamic prayer and mosque depicted on the flag. Abby is confused and annoyed that someone would complain about it, since it was part of her report. He teacher simply tells her to find a new picture to add. Abby feels offended on Sadeed and Amira’s behalf, and wishes that she could include the Afghan flag on her display.

Chapter 19 Summary: “Mostly Sadeed”

Abby receives Amira’s reply, which explains that because some people in their village do not like America, she cannot continue writing to Abby. Abby realizes that this is really Amira writing to her, since she recognizes her penmanship. Abby hopes that Sadeed will send his own letter, and that maybe they can continue writing to each other somehow. Abby feels shocked and confused that people in Amira and Sadeed’s community do not want them to continue their pen pal exchange.

When she posts Amira’s letter on the project display, Mrs. Beckland apologizes to Abby for how her pen pal exchange ended, but notes that Abby received and wrote enough letters to complete her project and earn extra credit. After several days Abby stopped thinking so much about hearing from Sadeed. She was busy working on her schoolwork and doing her climbing. However, as the end of the school year approached, Abby would sometimes look over at Sadeed’s drawings and wonder how he and his family were doing.

Chapter 20 Summary: “Presentation”

Weeks later, Mrs. Beckland reminds Abby that she still needs to present a report on her pen pal project to the class. Abby agrees, but does not want to think about it again, since she had moved on from her disappointment with the project. Abby’s presentation includes basic facts on Afghanistan’s history, geography and culture. She explains that she chose to write about Afghanistan because it is mountainous, and she was curious about living near mountains. She learned that it is very challenging living near mountains in Afghanistan, because there are floods, avalanches, and hiding places for criminals. Abby shares that she was reminded that people everywhere are “pretty much the same,” but that Amira’s situation in Afghanistan was too “complicated” and “dangerous” for her to continue being a pen pal (166). Abby considers telling the class about Sadeed’s secret letters, but decides against it, wanting to keep that part of the experience for herself. When Abby is done, she goes to the bulletin board and recycles her project papers.

Chapter 21 Summary: “Field Day”

On Abby’s last day of school, she enjoys the “Field Day” activities, and is happy to know that she has successfully finished elementary school and will move on to junior high next year. Abby is surprised to receive another letter from Kabul, and assumes it is a note from the Afghan teacher. She opens the letter and reads a brief note from a teacher at the Ministry of Education explaining that one of Mr. Jafari’s students wanted to write to her again. She reads on and realizes that the next letter is from Sadeed.

Sadeed explains how he was threatened by a strange man about the letters, and reveals that there is more fighting in the mountains where he lives. He shares that his uncle, who likes to mountain climb, gave him a rope and taught him how to use it to climb rock faces. He now sees mountains differently. He shares that he likes and admires Abby and considers her a friend, and fondly remembers their letter exchanges. Abby goes to the school gym and starts to climb the wall herself, thinking about how Sadeed climbed his own mountains. Abby was sad that Sadeed’s letter felt like such a final goodbye, and that their lives would not intersect again. On the school bus home, Abby looks out the window and thinks about Sadeed’s perspective on the flat Illinois farmland, and now agrees that it is beautiful.

Chapters 15-21 Analysis

In the last chapters of Extra Credit, the book’s tone becomes more tense and dramatic as a new conflict is introduced to the plot when the mysterious stranger attacks Sadeed and destroys Abby’s letter. This helps to conclude the major theme of The Value of Open-mindedness Toward Difference. Clements includes two chapters called “Flag,” and both passages include instances of xenophobia and discrimination. In the first “Flag” chapter Sadeed is confronted by a strange, hostile man. This angry stranger is furious at the sight of the American flag on Sadeed’s letter, reflecting widespread suspicion and resentment of the US in Afghanistan. The man expresses his disgust and suspicion at the sight of the flag, accusing Sadeed of spying and threatening him with hanging. The threat and violence of the man’s manner and language highlights the military and ideological conflict present in the country, part of the realistic setting of the novel. In the second “Flag” chapter, a student in Abby’s class complains about the Afghan flag on Abby’s presentation board, and the teacher asks for Abby to remove it. Abby is frustrated by this, as she finds it disrespectful to Afghan people, thinking, “she felt like she ought to stand up for Amira. And Sadeed” (156). Clements shows that she feels her allegiance to be with her Afghan pen pals, indicating how personal connection can break through national and cultural tribalism.

By including these comparable instances of discrimination, the author shows that such reactions limit learning and make people more disconnected from each other. Without the pen pal exchange, Sadeed and Amira will not be able to learn continue their friendship with an American and practice their English. Similarly, with the Afghan flag gone, the students in Abby’s class will not learn about the real-life experiences of Afghan people. Without this knowledge and connection, everyone will remain ignorant about others’ countries and cultures. The narrative’s melancholy ending is an exhortation for wider understanding and connection.

This section develops the theme of Friendship and Personal Growth as the continuation of the friendship is threatened by external forces. Violent confrontation spurs Sadeed to continue to evolve as a friend and brother. For instance, he resists the xenophobia of some people in his community, and continues to write to Abby, showing her respect and revealing that he considers her to be his friend. He writes, “I think of you now and again, always with respect. Because I admire you. […] I remain your friend” (175). In the context of the Afghan conflict, Sadeed’s small defiance is an act of great courage and resistance against hatred and prejudice. Sadeed’s frightening experience with the strange also makes him less hostile to his younger sister, Amira. Instead, he begins to feel protective of her, and realizes that he could have put her in danger by revealing her name on the front of the letter. Clements writes that “Sadeed was furious with himself, to have hidden behind his sister’s name on the letter that way” (137-38). Here Clements shows the sad necessity for Sadeed to grow up more quickly than he should, adopting the male adult role of protector.

Abby also continues to change in these last chapters. She has kept her promise to complete her homework and her extra credit assignment, and so can pass the sixth grade with the rest of her class. Now diligent about her schoolwork, Abby agrees to present her pen pal project to the class, but she keeps Sadeed’s private letters a secret. This demonstrates Abby’s emotional investment in her friendship with Sadeed, and her respect for the privacy of their connection.

Although the ending of the book is sad, it is also hopeful because of the lasting power of Reciprocally Sharing One’s Inner Life. Sadeed’s final letter reveals his connection to Abby: “When I see mountains now, they mean something else. Because of things you said. I thank you for that” (175). In parallel, Abby now sees her own town “through Sadeed’s eyes. And it wasn’t flat and boring. It was beautiful” (183). Clements shows that both have assimilated the other’s perspectives in ways which have a meaningful long-term impact on them, even when their correspondence is over.

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