Exodus: How Migration Is Changing Our World

Collier examines the political consequences of migration, focusing on how it impacts governance and societal norms in the countries of origin, particularly those in the “bottom billion.” He argues that migration influences political dynamics by shifting the balance of power and altering social models. 

Empirical studies suggest that exposure to democratic norms through migration can enhance political engagement and accountability among migrants and their communities back home. For instance, returning migrants and their neighbors in countries like Mali and Moldova demonstrated increased voter participation. The extent of influence depends on the governance quality of the host countries, with democratic nations being more effective in transferring beneficial norms.

Migration also shapes leadership quality. Leaders who gain foreign education, particularly in democratic settings, often return with enhanced governance skills and democratic values. Historical instances include many foreign-educated individuals who have contributed positively to leadership in developing nations. However, the outcomes of migration on governance are not uniform. In some cases, it depletes skilled individuals, reducing the internal momentum for reform.

Collier discusses the economic consequences of migration for countries of origin, focusing on its effects on talent, remittances, and population dynamics.