An ancient Greek philosopher whose work significantly influenced Western intellectual traditions. Dewey highlights his impact on pedagogy and education, especially noted in his analysis of Greek thought in educational development.

A German education reformer known as the father of the kindergarten. Dewey refers to Froebel's contributions to early childhood education and pedagogical theory as a significant influence.

A philosopher known for the dialectical method and his contributions to German idealism. Dewey considers Hegel’s ideas relevant to understanding educational progression and philosophical inquiry.

A German philosopher known for his work in psychology and pedagogy, recognized as the father of pedagogy. His pedagogical theories provide a foundation for Dewey’s examination of early educational theory.

An English philosopher whose empiricist approach influenced Enlightenment thinkers. Dewey connects Locke's focus on the physical world with educational training methodologies.

An ancient Greek philosopher who founded the Academy in Athens and developed significant philosophical concepts. Dewey reviews Plato’s impact on education, especially in terms of political philosophy and theory of forms.

An Enlightenment thinker whose ideas challenged social norms and influenced the French Revolution. Dewey explores Rousseau’s concept of nature in education, emphasizing its political implications within his broader educational philosophy.