Appearance Versus Reality

Can we ever fully trust our senses, or are they too unreliable to perceive the world as it is? In this collection, we gather texts that explore the idea of appearance versus reality, from classics such as Aristotle's On the Soul to contemporary bestsellers like Jia Tolentino's Trick Mirror.

Publication year 1925

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Society: Class, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed, Relationships: Marriage

Tags Mystery / Crime Fiction, Historical Fiction, Drama / Tragedy, American Literature, History: World, Classic Fiction

Published in 1925, Theodore Dreiser’s realist novel An American Tragedy is one of the author’s most critically acclaimed works. Set in the 1920s in Kansas City, Chicago, and small-town New York state, the historical fiction novel is the story of how Clyde Griffiths, the son of poor, itinerant preachers, kills Roberta Alden during a boat trip in the Adirondack Mountains.This guide is based on the Kindle edition published by Rosetta Books.Content Warning: This novel contains... Read An American Tragedy Summary


Publication year 1995

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Identity: Disability, Identity: Mental Health

Tags Health / Medicine, Science / Nature, Psychology, Psychology


Publication year 1865

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Fear, Natural World: Place, Natural World: Animals, Natural World: Appearance & Reality

Tags Lyric Poem, Science / Nature, Realism, Romanticism / Romantic Period, Transcendentalism


Publication year 1939

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Life/Time: Mortality & Death, Values/Ideas: Fate, Values/Ideas: Safety & Danger, Emotions/Behavior: Memory, Life/Time: The Past, Emotions/Behavior: Guilt, Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice, Emotions/Behavior: Fear, Identity: Gender, Identity: Masculinity, Identity: Femininity, Values/Ideas: Truth & Lies, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Emotions/Behavior: Apathy, Society: Colonialism

Tags Mystery / Crime Fiction, Horror / Thriller / Suspense Fiction, Modernism, Classic Fiction

Published in 1939, And Then There Were None is a mystery novel by Agatha Christie, best-selling novelist of all time, outsold only by the Bible and Shakespeare. With over 100 million copies sold, And Then There Were None is the world’s best-selling crime novel as well as one of the best-selling books of all time. It has had more adaptations than any other work by Agatha Christie, including television programs, films, radio broadcasts, and most... Read And Then There Were None Summary


Publication year 2018

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Family, Values/Ideas: Truth & Lies, Emotions/Behavior: Regret, Identity: Femininity, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice

Tags Horror / Thriller / Suspense Fiction, Mystery / Crime Fiction, Modern Classic Fiction


Publication year 1748

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Science & Technology, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Values/Ideas: Religion & Spirituality

Tags Philosophy, Psychology, Science / Nature, Religion / Spirituality, Education, Education, History: World, Psychology, Philosophy, Classic Fiction


Publication year 1668

Genre Essay / Speech, Nonfiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Literature, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Society: War, Society: Nation, Values/Ideas: Order & Chaos

Tags Literary Criticism, Education, Education


Publication year 2024

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Identity: Femininity, Identity: Race, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Relationships: Family, Society: Class, Values/Ideas: Art, Values/Ideas: Music, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed

Tags Mystery / Crime Fiction, Modern Classic Fiction, History: World, Historical Fiction, Arts / Culture


Publication year 1890

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Life/Time: Mortality & Death, Society: War, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Values/Ideas: Fame

Tags Classic Fiction, Historical Fiction, American Civil War, Education, Education, Horror / Thriller / Suspense Fiction, Military / War, American Literature, History: World

Ambrose Bierce, an American writer and Civil War veteran, wrote “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” in 1890. Bierce’s story was first published in The San Francisco Examiner and later became part of his collection Tales of Soldiers and Civilians published in 1891. “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” is considered one of Bierce’s best works for its use of the stream-of-consciousness narrative technique and the hero’s journey as well as its exploration of death... Read An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge Summary


Publication year 1868

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Natural World: Environment, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Natural World: Animals

Tags Lyric Poem, Religion / Spirituality


Publication year 2021

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Society: Class, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed

Tags Romance


Publication year 1756

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Beauty, Values/Ideas: Art, Natural World: Appearance & Reality

Tags Philosophy, Arts / Culture, Age of Enlightenment, Literary Criticism, Gothic Literature, History: World, Philosophy, Classic Fiction, Politics / Government


Publication year 1992

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Natural World: Space & The Universe, Society: Community, Identity: Race, Emotions/Behavior: Hope, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance

Tags Lyric Poem, Race / Racism


Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Identity: Mental Health, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Identity: Gender

Tags Women's Studies (Nonfiction), African American Literature, History: World


Publication year 2012

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Society: Community, Emotions/Behavior: Apathy, Emotions/Behavior: Courage, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance, Emotions/Behavior: Forgiveness, Emotions/Behavior: Gratitude, Life/Time: Childhood & Youth, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Life/Time: Midlife, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Natural World: Environment, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Relationships: Family, Self Discovery, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed, Values/Ideas: Safety & Danger

Tags Historical Fiction, Coming of Age / Bildungsroman, Modern Classic Fiction, History: World


Publication year 1860

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Values/Ideas: Truth & Lies, Values/Ideas: Trust & Doubt

Tags Free verse, Lyric Poem, Relationships


Publication year 2022

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Natural World: Environment, Society: Community, Values/Ideas: Literature, Values/Ideas: Music

Tags Fantasy, Romance, Fairy Tale / Folklore, Mystery / Crime Fiction


Publication year 2024

Genre Graphic Novel/Book, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Friendship, Emotions/Behavior: Loneliness, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Relationships: Family, Relationships: Teams, Self Discovery, Society: Politics & Government, Values/Ideas: Truth & Lies

Tags Children's Literature, Mystery / Crime Fiction, Action / Adventure, Humor


Publication year 1977

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Truth & Lies, Values/Ideas: Science & Technology, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed, Natural World: Appearance & Reality

Tags Science-Fiction / Dystopian Fiction, Fantasy, Psychological Fiction, Addiction / Substance Abuse, Classic Fiction

Phillip K. Dick’s A Scanner Darkly, first published in 1977, is a dystopian novel that is testament to a time—late ‘60s-early ‘70s—when drug experimentation was a viable alternative to the grown-up world of nine-to-five jobs and suburban family life. Set in a future Southern California (1994), the novel is dedicated to many of Dick’s friends who didn’t survive the experiment or were left with permanent brain damage. Dick’s prolific career includes over 40 novels and... Read A Scanner Darkly Summary


Publication year 1896

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Love, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Natural World: Appearance & Reality

Tags Lyric Poem, British Literature