African American Literature

Navigate the rich and diverse history of African American literature, from memoirs and poetry to science fiction. The titles in this study guide collection span a wide range of time periods, including the post-slavery era, the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, the Civil Rights Movement, the Black Arts Movement, and the 21st century. Read on to discover insights and analysis on some of the most important works of African American literature, such as The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Du Bois, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, and Kindred by Octavia E. Butler.

Publication year 1940

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Society: Class, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed

Tags Existentialism, American Literature, African American Literature, Education, Education, Historical Fiction, Classic Fiction, Race / Racism

Richard’s Wright’s debut novel Native Son was an immediate success upon its publication in 1940, selling 250,000 copies in three weeks. Today, it is widely recognized as not only Wright’s greatest work, but as one of the most significant American novels of the twentieth century. In his essay “How ‘Bigger’ Was Born” (1940), Wright explains that he based the protagonist of the novel on five young Black men he had known as a child. These... Read Native Son Summary


Publication year 1988

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Family, Society: Colonialism, Life/Time: Coming of Age

Tags Historical Fiction, Coming of Age / Bildungsroman, African Literature, Colonialism / Postcolonialism, Race / Racism, Gender / Feminism, Education, Education, African American Literature, Classic Fiction

Nervous Conditions (1988) is a semi-autobiographical literary fiction novel written by Tsitsi Dangarembga, an international author, playwright, filmmaker, and director. The novel is the first in a three-part trilogy and is followed by The Book of Not (2006) and This Mournable Body (2017). Tambudzai, a young girl living with her family on a homestead in Rhodesia, narrates the novel and serves as the primary protagonist. Four other female protagonists—a deuteragonist, Nyasha, and three supporting protagonists... Read Nervous Conditions Summary


Publication year 2019

Genre Biography, Nonfiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice, Society: Nation, Identity: Race

Tags History: U.S., Race / Racism, African American Literature, American Revolution, Children's Literature, History: World, Biography


Publication year 2019

Genre Graphic Novel/Book, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Society: Class

Tags Humor, Coming of Age / Bildungsroman, Diversity, Race / Racism, Bullying, Class, African American Literature, Children's Literature, Education, Education, Realistic Fiction, Modern Classic Fiction

New Kid by Jerry Craft is a 2019 graphic novel and winner of the Newbery Medal and the Coretta Scott King Award. Jim Callahan is responsible for the coloring. Craft is the creator of the 1990 comic strip Mama’s Boyz, as well as Class Act, the 2020 companion story to this book. New Kid focuses on an artistic middle school student who makes friends and builds confidence in himself as he navigates race and class... Read New Kid Summary


Publication year 2010

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Life/Time: Coming of Age, Relationships: Family, Natural World: Environment

Tags Coming of Age / Bildungsroman, Relationships, Natural Disaster, African American Literature, Children's Literature, Realistic Fiction, Historical Fiction, Action / Adventure

Jewell Parker Rhodes’s Ninth Ward is a realistic middle grade novel that follows 12-year-old Lanesha, a resident of New Orleans’s Ninth Ward neighborhood, in the days surrounding Hurricane Katrina, a devastating storm that hit the Gulf Coast in 2005. Lanesha must rely on her resourcefulness, resilience, and fortitude to survive the storm and subsequent flooding of the Ninth Ward. First published in 2010 by Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, the book earned a School... Read Ninth Ward Summary


Publication year 1960

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Relationships: Family, Society: Class, Society: Colonialism, Society: Community

Tags Heinemann African Writers, African Literature, Historical Fiction, Colonialism / Postcolonialism, African American Literature, History: World, Classic Fiction

No Longer At Ease (1960) is a novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. The story takes place in the years prior to Nigeria’s independence from the British Empire and focuses on Obi Okonkwo. Obi is a young Nigerian man who returns home after studying English in Britain and finds a job in the civil service. He finds himself situated within the conflict between African and Western culture, raising questions about his identity and worldview. No... Read No Longer at Ease Summary


Publication year 1969

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Identity: Gender, Relationships: Mothers, Society: Community, Relationships: Family, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed

Tags African Literature, Colonialism / Postcolonialism, Gender / Feminism, Race / Racism, African American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction


Publication year 2014

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race

Tags Lyric Poem, Black Lives Matter, Race / Racism, African American Literature


Publication year 2010

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Order & Chaos

Tags Politics / Government, Journalism, Mystery / Crime Fiction, Education, Education, African American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction

Oil on Water is a 2010 novel by Helon Habila, who originally worked as a journalist and poet in Nigeria before becoming a professor of creative writing at George Mason. His writing has earned many accolades, including the Music Society of Nigeria national poetry award, the 2001 Caine Prize, the 2003 Commonwealth Writers Prize, the 2008 Emily Balch Prize, and the 2015 Windham-Campbell Prize for Fiction. Oil on Water is his third novel and foregrounds... Read Oil on Water Summary


Publication year 2019

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race

Tags Lyric Poem, Race / Racism, African American Literature


Publication year 1773

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race

Tags Lyric Poem, Race / Racism, African American Literature


Publication year 2019

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Life/Time: Coming of Age, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance, Relationships: Family, Society: Community, Values/Ideas: Fame

Tags African American Literature, Music, Realistic Fiction, Race / Racism, Poverty, Modern Classic Fiction

On the Come Up, published in 2019, is the second novel by acclaimed young adult author Angie Thomas. It takes place in the same neighborhood as Thomas’s first novel, The Hate U Give (2017), but aside from occasional references to the murder and riots in Garden Heights, On the Come Up features a new cast of characters. The book received numerous awards, including the American Library Association’s Top Ten Books for Young Adults, and it... Read On the Come Up Summary


Publication year 1993

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Hope, Values/Ideas: Equality, Society: Nation

Tags Free verse, Science / Nature, Diversity, History: U.S., African American Literature, American Literature, Spoken Word Poetry, Education, Education, Biography, Classic Fiction


Publication year 2014

Genre Poem, Fiction

Tags Lyric Poem, Race / Racism, African American Literature


Publication year 1977

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Emotions/Behavior: Loneliness, Emotions/Behavior: Shame & Pride, Identity: Femininity, Identity: Race, Society: Colonialism, Society: Immigration

Tags Gender / Feminism, African Literature, Colonialism / Postcolonialism, Education, Education, African American Literature

Our Sister Killjoy, or, Reflections from a Black-eyed Squint (1977) is a novel by Ata Ama Aidoo (1942-2023). It was Aidoo’s debut novel, with an experimental style that switches between prose and free verse poetry. Aidoo, a Ghanaian writer, tells the story of Sissie, or Our Sister Killjoy, a young Ghanaian woman who travels around Europe before eventually returning home. She spends most of the narrative in Germany, where she befriends a young German mother... Read Our Sister Killjoy Summary


Publication year 1997

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Identity: Gender, Society: Community, Emotions/Behavior: Fear

Tags Historical Fiction, African American Literature, Gender / Feminism, Magical Realism, Race / Racism, Love / Sexuality, Modern Classic Fiction, Classic Fiction

Toni Morrison’s novel Paradise was published in 1997, just a few years after she won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993. According to Morrison, it is the last book of a trilogy that includes Beloved and Jazz. Morrison is an esteemed American novelist, having also received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (1998) and the Coretta Scott King Award for Authors (2005), among other awards. She was educated at Howard University and Cornell University, and... Read Paradise Summary


Publication year 1994

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Society: Colonialism, Values/Ideas: Religion & Spirituality, Self Discovery

Tags Historical Fiction, Coming of Age / Bildungsroman, African Literature, African American Literature


Publication year 1977

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Society: Class, Society: Colonialism, Society: Education, Society: Nation, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed

Tags African Literature, Colonialism / Postcolonialism, Historical Fiction, Mystery / Crime Fiction, African American Literature, History: World, Classic Fiction

Petals of Blood by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o is a historical fiction novel that was first published in 1977. Ngũgĩ is a Kenyan author who has written novels, plays, short stories, and essays that typically center on Kenyan and African politics and the effects of colonialism and neocolonialism on the region. Petals of Blood explores the lives of Kenyans after the Mau Mau Rebellion and subsequent independence in the small village of Ilmorog, as well as its development... Read Petals of Blood Summary


Publication year 1928

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Identity: Gender, Life/Time: Coming of Age

Tags Harlem Renaissance, Classic Fiction, Coming of Age / Bildungsroman, Race / Racism, Gender / Feminism, Arts / Culture, African American Literature, Women's Studies (Nonfiction), American Literature, Historical Fiction

Jessie Redmon Fauset’s Plum Bun: A Novel Without a Moral recounts the story of a young Black woman in the 1920s who decides to pass as white. Ostensibly a coming-of-age story, the novel features a complex treatment of racial barriers and gender inequalities. While the trajectory of the novel is straightforward and relatively typical for the bildungsroman—young woman leaves home, discovers herself through a series of obstacles she must overcome, and finally learns how to... Read Plum Bun Summary


Publication year 1899

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Identity: Gender, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance

Tags Southern Gothic, Race / Racism, African American Literature, Historical Fiction, Classic Fiction