African American Literature

Navigate the rich and diverse history of African American literature, from memoirs and poetry to science fiction. The titles in this study guide collection span a wide range of time periods, including the post-slavery era, the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, the Civil Rights Movement, the Black Arts Movement, and the 21st century. Read on to discover insights and analysis on some of the most important works of African American literature, such as The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Du Bois, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, and Kindred by Octavia E. Butler.

Publication year 2003

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Love, Emotions/Behavior: Hate & Anger, Society: Class, Identity: Race, Identity: Gender

Tags African American Literature, Grief / Death, American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction, Classic Fiction


Publication year 2016

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Society: Nation, Values/Ideas: Safety & Danger

Tags Fantasy, Horror / Thriller / Suspense Fiction, Science-Fiction / Dystopian Fiction, Action / Adventure, Race / Racism, Black Lives Matter, History: U.S., Social Justice, American Literature, African American Literature, History: World, Historical Fiction, Religion / Spirituality


Publication year 1989

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Marriage, Emotions/Behavior: Love

Tags Romance, African American Literature

“Love Song for Alex, 1979” is a lyric sonnet that Margaret Walker wrote for her husband. The poem is frequently labeled a sonnet because of its 14 lines, though it doesn’t follow the strict rhyme scheme of a traditional sonnet. In the style of lyric poetry, the poem expresses Walker’s warm feelings for her husband. Though it doesn’t reveal a narrative, we can glean some details about the couple’s relationship from the poem.Poet BiographyMargaret Walker... Read Love Song for Alex, 1979 Summary


Publication year 1969

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Life/Time: Coming of Age, Emotions/Behavior: Guilt, Emotions/Behavior: Hate & Anger, Society: Community, Society: Economics, Values/Ideas: Beauty

Tags African American Literature, Realistic Fiction, Poverty, Great Depression, Education, Education, History: World, Classic Fiction


Publication year 1971

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Hate & Anger

Tags Heinemann African Writers, African Literature, Education, Education, African American Literature, Classic Fiction

In Maru (1971), author Bessie Head, also known for When Rain Clouds Gather (1968) and A Question of Power (1973), confronts deeply held prejudice toward the Masarwa people of Botswana. Considered sub-human by most citizens of Botswana, the Masarwa people pursue an untenable and desperate existence within Botswana society. Living off the land, the Masarwa wander from place to place in the bush, scavenging food and water in a subsistence lifestyle. The name “Masarwa” itself... Read Maru Summary


Publication year 1953

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Marriage

Tags Black Arts Movement, Coming of Age / Bildungsroman, African American Literature, Race / Racism, Education, Education, American Literature, Classic Fiction

Maud Martha (1953) is a fictional narrative by Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Gwendolyn Brooks. The book is written in an experimental style combining poetic language and a nonlinear narrative. Each chapter is a vignette, a quick glimpse into an everyday scene in the life of the title character. Brooks’s only novel, Maud Martha was praised for its depiction of ordinary people and everyday life in Chicago. This guide is based upon the 1993 Third World Press... Read Maud Martha Summary


Publication year 1959

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Natural World: Animals, Emotions/Behavior: Shame & Pride, Values/Ideas: Equality, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance

Tags Lyric Poem, Harlem Renaissance, American Literature, African American Literature, Race / Racism, Civil Rights / Jim Crow, Social Justice, History: U.S.


Publication year 2020

Genre Autobiography / Memoir, Nonfiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Grief, Identity: Race, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice

Tags Crime / Legal, Race / Racism, Trauma / Abuse / Violence, Grief / Death, African American Literature, American Literature, Mystery / Crime Fiction, Biography


Publication year 2022

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Family, Emotions/Behavior: Courage, Emotions/Behavior: Hate & Anger, Identity: Race, Values/Ideas: Art, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice

Tags Historical Fiction, Race / Racism, African American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction, History: World


Publication year 1996

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Family, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Emotions/Behavior: Forgiveness, Emotions/Behavior: Grief, Emotions/Behavior: Guilt, Emotions/Behavior: Loneliness, Emotions/Behavior: Regret, Identity: Masculinity, Identity: Mental Health, Identity: Race, Life/Time: Mortality & Death, Life/Time: The Past, Relationships: Siblings, Society: Class, Society: Community, Values/Ideas: Loyalty & Betrayal

Tags Realistic Fiction, African American Literature

Miracle’s Boys (2000) is a young adult novel by Jaqueline Woodson. The novel tells the story of three brothers, ages 21, 15, and 12, coping with the sudden death of their mother a year before. The middle brother, Charlie, recently returned home from a juvenile detention facility, where he was serving a two-year sentence for attempting to rob a candy store at gun point. Set in a Puerto Rican neighborhood in New York City, Miracle’s... Read Miracle's Boys Summary


Publication year 2001

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Society: Class, Relationships: Friendship, Relationships: Family

Tags Realistic Fiction, Poverty, African American Literature, Children's Literature, Modern Classic Fiction, Urban Development

Money Hungry is a 2001 middle-grade novel by American author Sharon G. Flake published by Little, Brown and Company. A Coretta Scott King Honor book, Money Hungry is the first book in Flake’s Raspberry Hill series. It explores 13-year-old Raspberry Hill’s hunger for money and the lengths to which she will go to acquire it. Stemming from a period of homelessness in her childhood, Raspberry will do almost anything to earn enough money to move... Read Money Hungry Summary


Publication year 1939

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance, Emotions/Behavior: Hope, Natural World: Place, Relationships: Family, Society: Class, Society: Colonialism, Society: Nation, Society: Politics & Government, Values/Ideas: Equality, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed, Values/Ideas: Religion & Spirituality

Tags Education, Education, African American Literature, Historical Fiction, Fairy Tale / Folklore, Classic Fiction, Religion / Spirituality

Moses, Man of the Mountain is an allegorical novel by African-American author and anthropologist Zora Neale Hurston. The novel reimagines the life of Moses and the biblical narrative of the Exodus from Egypt with several important changes, including the use of African American dialect, slang, and folklore. Throughout the novel, Hurston draws allegorical parallels between the enslavement of the Hebrew people in Egypt and the enslavement of people of African descent in the United States... Read Moses, Man of the Mountain Summary


Publication year 1972

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Mothers

Tags Lyric Poem, African American Literature, Relationships


Publication year 1998

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Mothers, Values/Ideas: Fate

Tags Race / Racism, Education, Education, African American Literature, History: World, Historical Fiction, Classic Fiction

In writing Mother to Mother, Sindiwe Magona drew inspiration from a real event: the murder of a white American named Amy Biehl by young black men in 1990s South Africa. The crime caused shockwaves around the world, not least because Biehl herself had come to South Africa to combat apartheid—the system of segregation and discrimination that relegated black South Africans, as well as other people of color, to second-class citizenship.On the face of it, then... Read Mother to Mother Summary


Publication year 1987

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race

Tags Lyric Poem, Race / Racism, Harlem Renaissance, African American Literature, Education, Education


Publication year 1935

Genre Anthology/Varied Collection, Nonfiction

Themes Identity: Race, Identity: Language, Values/Ideas: Truth & Lies

Tags Fairy Tale / Folklore, African American Literature, Anthropology, Race / Racism, Anthropology, Fantasy, Classic Fiction

Mules and Men is a work of nonfiction published in 1935 by the American author Zora Neale Hurston. Hurston, a student of anthropology, used ethnographic research methods to collect and record Black folklore in the American South. Consisting of two parts, the work first details some folktales elicited directly from residents of rural folklore, and secondly describes several hoodoo practitioners in New Orleans. This book explores themes of establishing origins and the difference between honesty... Read Mules and Men Summary


Publication year 2001

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Family, Relationships: Fathers

Tags Lyric Poem, African American Literature


Publication year 2017

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Identity: Race, Society: Colonialism, Society: Community

Tags Social Justice, Race / Racism, Self Help, Colonialism / Postcolonialism, African American Literature, History: World, Psychology, Psychology, Mental Illness, Health / Medicine


Publication year 2019

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Self Discovery, Relationships: Friendship, Relationships: Fathers, Relationships: Mothers, Relationships: Grandparents, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Relationships: Family

Tags Historical Fiction, Realistic Fiction, African American Literature, Children's Literature, History: World


Publication year 1954

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Life/Time: Coming of Age, Society: Colonialism, Values/Ideas: Good & Evil, Values/Ideas: Religion & Spirituality

Tags African American Literature, Magical Realism, History: World, Fantasy, Classic Fiction