African American Literature

Navigate the rich and diverse history of African American literature, from memoirs and poetry to science fiction. The titles in this study guide collection span a wide range of time periods, including the post-slavery era, the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, the Civil Rights Movement, the Black Arts Movement, and the 21st century. Read on to discover insights and analysis on some of the most important works of African American literature, such as The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Du Bois, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, and Kindred by Octavia E. Butler.

Publication year 2006

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Loyalty & Betrayal

Tags Historical Fiction, African Literature, African American Literature, Military / War, Modern Classic Fiction, History: World

Chimamanda Adichie’s second book, Half of a Yellow Sun, is set during the Nigerian Civil War that tragically occurred in her home country during the 1960s. The story masterfully revolves around an intricate web of shifting viewpoints, each of which centers around one of the novel’s five main characters: Ugwu, Odenigbo, Olanna, Kainene, and Richard. All of these characters find themselves affiliated with the Biafran rebels of the war, and this affiliation eventually has consequences... Read Half of a Yellow Sun Summary


Publication year 1951

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Life/Time: The Future, Identity: Race, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice, Values/Ideas: Equality, Society: Nation

Tags Lyric Poem, Harlem Renaissance, African American Literature, Civil Rights / Jim Crow, Race / Racism, History: U.S., Urban Development


Publication year 1997

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Identity: Gender, Society: Class

Tags African American Literature, Race / Racism, History: U.S.

Often called a prelude to Shakespeare’s Othello, Harlem Duet tells the story of Othello and his first wife, Billie—the woman he married before Desdemona. Their history is told through the lives of three couples, each named Othello and Billie, during eras of special significance in Black American history: 1860, before the Emancipation Proclamation; 1928, at the height of the historic Harlem Renaissance; and 1997, after the civil rights movement but before the 21st century.Written by... Read Harlem Duet Summary


Publication year 2021

Genre Novel, Fiction

Tags Mystery / Crime Fiction, Historical Fiction, Drama / Tragedy, African American Literature, Horror / Thriller / Suspense Fiction, History: World


Publication year 1955

Genre Biography, Nonfiction

Themes Relationships: Family, Values/Ideas: Religion & Spirituality, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance

Tags Children's Literature, Education, Education, History: World, Classic Fiction, Biography, History: U.S., Race / Racism, American Civil War, African American Literature, Women's Studies (Nonfiction)

Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad is a 1955 biography by American author Ann Petry. This book takes the reader on a journey through Harriet Tubman’s life, from her birth to enslaved parents on a Maryland plantation to her death as a free woman in New York in 1913. Tubman is a well-known figure in American history and is best known for her heroic actions as a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad. After escaping... Read Harriet Tubman Summary


Publication year 1922

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race

Tags Lyric Poem, African American Literature, Race / Racism


Publication year 1981

Genre Book, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Relationships: Fathers

Tags Coming of Age / Bildungsroman, Realistic Fiction, Sports, Race / Racism, Parenting, African American Literature, American Literature, Children's Literature, Arts / Culture


Publication year 2005

Genre Novel, Fiction

Tags Immigration / Refugee, African American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction, Historical Fiction

Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits is a work of fiction written by Moroccan native Laila Lalami and published in 2005. The narrative is comprised of nine stories involving the lives of four major characters, all of whom attempt to emigrate illegally from Morocco to Spain in order to have better lives. Despite the fact that these stories are separate from one another, the book does not represent a short story collection in the classic sense;... Read Hope And Other Dangerous Pursuits Summary


Publication year 2013

Genre Essay Collection, Nonfiction

Themes Identity: Race, Identity: Language, Identity: Masculinity

Tags Politics / Government, Biography, Creative Nonfiction, Race / Racism, Relationships, Social Justice, Trauma / Abuse / Violence, African American Literature


Publication year 2011

Genre Autobiography / Memoir, Nonfiction

Themes Relationships: Teams, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Life/Time: Childhood & Youth, Society: Education, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance

Tags Sports, Inspirational, African American Literature, Auto/Biographical Fiction, Poverty, Education, Biography

I Beat the Odds: From Homelessness, to The Blind Side, and Beyond (2011) is a memoir written by NFL player Michael Oher and journalist Don Yaeger. It tells Oher’s story in his own words, describing his childhood and teen years up to his rookie season in the NFL. His story was first brought to the public’s attention in Michael Lewis’s book The Blind Side: Evolution of a Game, published in 2006. This book was made... Read I Beat the Odds Summary


Publication year 1974

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Music

Tags Classic Fiction, Black Arts Movement, Romance, Modern Classic Fiction, American Literature, Existentialism, African American Literature, Race / Racism, Historical Fiction

If Beale Street Could Talk is a novel by James Baldwin (1924-1987), a critically acclaimed African American writer on matters of race and the African American experience. Originally published in 1974, the novel gained fresh attention with Barry Jenkins’ film adaptation in 2019. The novel is the love story of salesclerk Clementine “Tish” Rivers and budding sculptor Alonzo “Fonny” Hunt, African American natives of Harlem whose lives are derailed in the late 1960s to early... Read If Beale Street Could Talk Summary


Publication year 2022

Genre Short Story Collection, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Family, Society: Immigration, Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Identity: Race

Tags Historical Fiction, Race / Racism, African American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction, Romance


Publication year 1919

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance, Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Values/Ideas: Equality, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed

Tags Grief / Death, Race / Racism, Colonialism / Postcolonialism, African American Literature, Harlem Renaissance, Education, Education, Classic Fiction


Publication year 1969

Genre Autobiography / Memoir, Nonfiction

Themes Identity: Race, Values/Ideas: Literature, Life/Time: Coming of Age

Tags African American Literature, Creative Nonfiction, Trauma / Abuse / Violence, Race / Racism, Gender / Feminism, Classic Fiction, Biography

I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings is an autobiographical novel by Maya Angelou. Angelou discusses the struggles of growing up African American in the 1950s. The novel has themes of overcoming adversity and trauma, both used as a general metaphor for the struggle against racism. Angelou wrote the novel as a challenge to create literature out of an autobiography, and what emerged is a classic that is still revered today.The novel begins on a... Read I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings Summary


Publication year 1899

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Society: Politics & Government, Identity: Race, Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance, Emotions/Behavior: Hate & Anger, Emotions/Behavior: Revenge, Society: Class, Values/Ideas: Equality, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice

Tags Historical Fiction, African American Literature, Race / Racism, Science-Fiction / Dystopian Fiction, Education, Education, American Literature, Classic Fiction

Imperium in Imperio (1899) is a historical-fiction novel by social activist Sutton E. Griggs. Imperium in Imperio explores the idea of a Black utopia, wherein Black Americans form a shadow government to seize control of the state of Texas and form their own nation. In the late-19th and early-20th centuries, the novel was sold door-to-door in Black communities and was largely unknown to the white population, ultimately garnering little notoriety upon its original publication. However... Read Imperium in Imperio Summary


Publication year 1861

Genre Autobiography / Memoir, Nonfiction

Themes Identity: Race, Society: Class, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed

Tags Inspirational, Race / Racism, Trauma / Abuse / Violence, History: U.S., African American Literature, American Civil War, Education, Education, History: World, Classic Fiction, Biography

The memoir Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) is an account of the life of Harriet Ann Jacobs, who calls herself “Linda Brent” in the narrative. It is a key text in the slave narrative genre, which were first-person narratives written by formerly enslaved people that hoped to convert readers to the abolitionist cause. While most slave narratives were written by men, such as The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (1791), Narrative of... Read Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Summary


Publication year 1952

Genre Novel, Fiction

Tags Music, Modern Classic Fiction, Existentialism, American Literature, African American Literature, Race / Racism, Education, Education, Historical Fiction, Classic Fiction

Invisible Man is a novel written by African American author Ralph Ellison and published in 1952. An example of 20th-century realism, the novel combines psychological and social storylines to examine how racism affects its unnamed protagonist and his ability to rise above all obstacles to craft his own sense of self, considering themes like Race in 20th-Century America, the Journey Toward Self-Understanding and Adult Identity, and Alienation from a Sense of Place Through Involuntary Resettlement.A... Read Invisible Man Summary


Publication year 2019

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Mothers, Identity: Race, Identity: Mental Health

Tags Historical Fiction, Realistic Fiction, Addiction / Substance Abuse, Race / Racism, Civil Rights / Jim Crow, Gender / Feminism, African American Literature, Post-War Era, Southern Literature, History: World, LGBTQ


Publication year 1988

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Identity: Gender, Society: War, Society: Politics & Government, Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance

Tags Lyric Poem, Gender / Feminism, African American Literature


Publication year 1926

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Equality, Identity: Race

Tags Lyric Poem, Race / Racism, Civil Rights / Jim Crow, African American Literature, Harlem Renaissance, Black Arts Movement