African American Literature

Navigate the rich and diverse history of African American literature, from memoirs and poetry to science fiction. The titles in this study guide collection span a wide range of time periods, including the post-slavery era, the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, the Civil Rights Movement, the Black Arts Movement, and the 21st century. Read on to discover insights and analysis on some of the most important works of African American literature, such as The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Du Bois, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, and Kindred by Octavia E. Butler.

Publication year 1926

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Music

Tags Lyric Poem, Race / Racism, African American Literature, American Literature, History: World, Music, Classic Fiction


Publication year 1982

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Identity: Gender, Identity: Race, Society: Community, Identity: Femininity, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice

Tags Historical Fiction, Relationships, African American Literature, Women's Studies (Nonfiction), Modern Classic Fiction, History: World, Classic Fiction

First published in 1982, The Women of Brewster Place is Gloria Naylor’s debut novel and remains the African American author’s best-known work. The Women of Brewster Place was awarded the National Book Award for Best First Novel and was adapted into a miniseries in 1989 and a television show in 1990. Described as “a novel in seven stories,” the text consists of seven chapters that act as short stories, each one detailing the life of a Black woman living... Read The Women of Brewster Place Summary


Publication year 2017

Genre Essay Collection, Nonfiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Music, Identity: Race, Emotions/Behavior: Grief

Tags Music, Race / Racism, Politics / Government, African American Literature


Publication year 2019

Genre Essay Collection, Nonfiction

Themes Identity: Race, Values/Ideas: Beauty, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice

Tags Creative Nonfiction, Gender / Feminism, Race / Racism, Social Justice, Politics / Government, African American Literature, Women's Studies (Nonfiction), Sociology

Tressie McMillan Cottom’s Thick: And Other Essays (2019) is a collection of personal essays that explore race, gender, and class in the US. McMillan Cottom is a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and an influential public intellectual whose writing has appeared in The Atlantic, Slate, The New York Times, and The Washington Post. Thick situates McMillan Cottom’s personal experiences within sociological and structural analysis to link her experiences to... Read Thick: And Other Essays Summary


Publication year 2024

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance, Emotions/Behavior: Loneliness, Emotions/Behavior: Love, Identity: Gender, Identity: Race, Life/Time: Midlife, Natural World: Food, Relationships: Daughters & Sons, Relationships: Marriage, Values/Ideas: Trust & Doubt, Self Discovery

Tags Romance, African American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction


Publication year 2021

Genre Autobiography / Memoir, Nonfiction

Themes Identity: Race, Identity: Sexuality, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice

Tags Race / Racism, Black Lives Matter, Social Justice, Civil Rights / Jim Crow, African American Literature, American Literature, History: World, Politics / Government, Biography


Publication year 2015

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Society: Class, Society: Community

Tags Realistic Fiction, Romance, African American Literature, Race / Racism, Coming of Age / Bildungsroman, Modern Classic Fiction


Publication year 1988

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Life/Time: Mortality & Death, Society: Community, Emotions/Behavior: Love, Emotions/Behavior: Nostalgia, Identity: Race, Life/Time: Aging

Tags African American Literature

Alice Walker published her first short story, “To Hell with Dying,” in 1968 and republished it as a children’s book with illustrations by Catherine Deeter in 1988. While suitable for children, its depth, themes, and writing style resonate with readers of all ages with an interest in African American literature.Alice Walker is a prominent author of novels, essays, and poems and was the first African American woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in... Read To Hell with Dying Summary


Publication year 1773

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Equality, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice

Tags Classic Fiction, Civil Rights / Jim Crow, Race / Racism, African American Literature

“To His Excellency General Washington'' was written in 1775 by Phillis Wheatley. The poem addresses George Washington following the commencement of the American Revolutionary War that year. At the time, Wheatley was writing in popular convention with a Victorian form praising poetry’s inherited forms. A striking dimension of the poem is its fealty to a slave owner, George Washington, by a woman who was still a slave at her time of writing and would remain... Read To His Excellency General Washington Summary


Publication year 1773

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Art, Values/Ideas: Religion & Spirituality, Life/Time: Mortality & Death

Tags Lyric Poem, Arts / Culture, Grief / Death, Religion / Spirituality, Neoclassical, African American Literature, Colonial America


Publication year 2019

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Friendship, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Identity: Race, Emotions/Behavior: Guilt, Emotions/Behavior: Fear, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed, Emotions/Behavior: Grief, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance

Tags Fantasy, Fairy Tale / Folklore, Children's Literature, History: African , Race / Racism, African American Literature, Action / Adventure


Publication year 2001

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Relationships: Family, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance, Emotions/Behavior: Fear, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice, Values/Ideas: Safety & Danger

Tags Historical Fiction, African American Literature, Action / Adventure, Children's Literature, Education, Education, History: World


Publication year 1955

Genre Play, Fiction

Tags Play: Drama, Race / Racism, African American Literature, Drama / Tragedy, Education, Education


Publication year 1993

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Religion & Spirituality, Values/Ideas: Equality, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance, Life/Time: Mortality & Death

Tags Play: Drama, Play: Historical, Civil Rights / Jim Crow, African American Literature, Black Arts Movement, Race / Racism, Class, Finance / Money / Wealth, Education, Education, American Literature, Drama / Tragedy, Historical Fiction, Classic Fiction

Two Trains Running by August Wilson first opened in 1990 at the Yale Repertory Theatre with Samuel L. Jackson as Wolf and Laurence Fishburne playing Sterling. The play premiered on Broadway in 1992, receiving four Tony nominations in 1992 including Best Play. Two Trains Running is a part of Wilson’s Century Cycle, also known as the Pittsburgh Cycle, which consists of 10 plays: one for each decade of the 20th century, each depicting the changing... Read Two Trains Running Summary


Publication year 1901

Genre Autobiography / Memoir, Nonfiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance, Identity: Race, Society: Community, Society: Education, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice

Tags History: U.S., Race / Racism, Education, African American Literature, Reconstruction Era, History: World, Classic Fiction, Biography

Up From Slavery is an autobiography written by Booker T. Washington in 1901. Washington is most famous as the founder and first principal of the Tuskegee Institute, later Tuskegee University, a school for Black students in rural Tuskegee, Alabama. As the school became famous world-wide, Washington also became known as a public speaker, addressing diverse audiences around the world to promote his philosophy of industrial education. Historically, Washington is remembered as the first major Black... Read Up From Slavery Summary


Publication year 1996

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Identity: Femininity, Identity: Race, Life/Time: The Past, Society: Colonialism

Tags Play: Drama, Historical Fiction, African American Literature, Race / Racism, Education, Education, History: World, Drama / Tragedy

Venus is a play by Suzan-Lori Parks, published in 1996 and first performed the same year. Suzan-Lori Parks is a notable American playwright, known for works such as Topdog/Underdog, as well as screenplays, such as Girl 6 and Their Eyes Were Watching God. Venus reimagines the life of Saartjie Baartman, also known as Sarah Baartman, who was shown in exhibits across Europe as the Hottentot Venus in the early 19th century. The play addresses themes... Read Venus Summary


Publication year 2022

Genre Graphic Memoir , Nonfiction

Themes Identity: Race, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Relationships: Family

Tags Sports, History: U.S., Race / Racism, Social Justice, African American Literature, History: World, Biography


Publication year 2018

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Society: Nation, Society: Politics & Government, Relationships: Family, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance

Tags Lyric Poem, Race / Racism, African American Literature, Mythology, Modern Classic Fiction, History: World


Publication year 1992

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Relationships: Friendship, Emotions/Behavior: Love, Values/Ideas: Loyalty & Betrayal

Tags Romance, Realistic Fiction, African American Literature


Publication year 1998

Genre Autobiography / Memoir, Nonfiction

Themes Identity: Race, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice, Society: Politics & Government

Tags History: U.S., Civil Rights / Jim Crow, Race / Racism, Politics / Government, African American Literature

John Lewis’s 1998 memoir, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, written with Mike D’Orso, is an intimate firsthand account of the US Civil Rights Movement (CRM). Lewis, the child of sharecroppers, grew up in Pike County, Alabama, during the heyday of segregation in the American South. From a young age, Lewis questioned the injustices of segregation, yet never imagined that he would become one of the key leaders of the civil rights... Read Walking with the Wind Summary