66 pages 2 hours read

Cloud Atlas

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2004

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Chapter 11Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 11 Summary: “The Pacific Journal of Adam Ewing”

Content Warning: This section depicts slavery and discusses racism, death by suicide, and sexual abuse.

Ewing completes his interrupted entry about Rafael, noting his “luminous beauty.” The crew aboard The Prophetess spots land. They anchor in Bethlehem Bay. Ewing, Goose, and the other passengers deboard and talk to the local colonial rulers. The captain invites Goose and Ewing to present themselves as God-fearing men to the local preacher who governs the colony. They discuss setting up trade routes and missionary work. Ewing, still feeling sick, notices that the local people are all “puffing on a pipe” (501). He realizes that the white people have deliberately caused the locals to have addictions to tobacco. Since the locals have no need for money, the white people have created an incentive to get the locals to work for them. Smoking is taught to the local children in school.

Ewing attends a dinner with other rich, white people. Preacher Horrox, a missionary and the head of the colony, talks at length about his civilization theories. He believes in “Civilization’s Ladder,” which is ordained by God and ranks white people on the highest rung because of their “Aryan bravery.” Goose gently mocks the idea, suggesting that white people’s greed and remorselessness has allowed them to subjugate other races. He doesn’t, however, believe that this is immoral. The following day, The Prophetess sets sail again. Ewing finds that his room has been ransacked. Someone has tried to “force the lock” (512) on his trunk. On Goose’s advice, he doesn’t report the incident. A week later, he witnesses “various hazings and duckings” (512) carried out by the crew. Over the following days, his headaches worsen. Goose continues to treat Ewing and increases the doses. The crew catches a shark on a fishing line. Few crew members will eat shark because they’re known to eat humans, so they believe that eating sharks is “cannibalism by proxy” (514). When Ewing sleeps, he’s bothered by the cockroaches that crawl over his skin. One of the crew members tries to sell him a rat that’s trained to catch roaches. Ewing declines the offer.

Humpback whales begin following the ship. While the crew is delighted, Ewing is too sick to leave his cabin. His fingers begin to swell so badly that Goose is forced to cut off Ewing’s wedding ring. The doctor promises to hold onto the ring and have it resized in Hawaii. On Christmas Day, Ewing eats dinner with the captain. Afterward, Rafael approaches him. Ewing speaks to Rafael, who seems bothered by an unnamed sin that he has committed. Ewing assures him that God’s mercy is “infinite.” That night, Ewing spots Rafael clinging drunkenly to the ship’s mast. The other crew members carry him away. The next day, however, they discover that Rafael has “hanged himself.” Ewing worries that he should have prevented this from happening. He can’t help but feel responsible. Rafael reminded Ewing of his son.

Shocked to discover that Boerhaave sexually abused Rafael, Ewing wants to conduct an investigation, but the captain ignores him. Ewing is wracked by guilt and fears that he enabled Rafael’s death by suicide. He becomes even sicker and looks forward to reaching Hawaii, where he can receive better medical treatment. He believes that death is mere “hours away” and writes imploringly to his son, but his writing becomes illegible.

Goose reveals that he has been deliberately poisoning Ewing and plans to steal his possessions. The doctor whispers insults in Ewing’s ear, taking the key to Ewing’s trunk, now that Ewing is too sick to resist. Much to Goose’s disappointment, however, the trunk contains only “modest” contents. Ewing passes out. He’s revived by Autua, who forces him to drink seawater until he vomits. In Hawaii, Autua asks around the town for help but is refused because of the color of his skin. When Ewing eventually finds a convent, he recovers. He’s can finally sit up on the day of his 34th birthday. In his final journal entry, Ewing reflects on his adventure. He believes that the greed of men like Goose will cause the world to “consume itself” in the future. He’s indebted to Autua, so he’ll dedicate his life from now on to the abolition of slavery. However, he knows that this will cause friction between himself and his father-in-law and they’ll argue because his father-in-law will accuse him of wasting his time. However, Ewing believes that this isn’t true. Even if he’s just a drop in a limitless ocean, “any ocean is but a multitude of drops” (529).

Chapter 11 Analysis

Deeper into his voyage, Ewing fully realizes the brutal insincerity of colonialism and dedicates his life to the abolition of slavery, foregrounding the theme of Slavery and Freedom. He arrives on Horrux’s island, where he’s used as a pawn by Captain Molyneux, who wishes to set up a trading arrangement. Because of Ewing’s presence, Molyneux can convince the preacher that he and his men are good, honest Christians. The captain doesn’t mention the abuse of Rafael that drove the young man to die by suicide. Furthermore, Ewing discovers that the Christian missionaries led by Horrux have set up an elaborate system of artificially addicting the Indigenous people to tobacco to give them an incentive to work. When the Indigenous people work the lands, Horrux can profit off their labor. Without the addiction to tobacco, the people have no motivation to work. As such, Horrux’s conception of an ideal society is one in which a group of exploited workers is beholden to him because of a chemical addiction his people imposed on them. In contrast to the Indigenous people’s previous way of life—wherein they wanted for nothing and could spend their time as they pleased—this imposed colonialist social structure foreshadows the dystopia portrayed in Sonmi’s chapters. The tobacco addiction is as fabricated as the clones, a way for the society to satisfy its own greed while deliberately ignoring any moral issues. Thus, this final chapter foregrounds the theme of Authority and Greed.

As a means of justifying this colonial arrangement, Horrux and his peers invented an elaborate ideology that places white people at the top of a ladder of civilizations. Ewing listens to Goose dismantle Horrux’s ideology; rather than any innate genius or morality in the genetics of white people, Goose points out, the European countries have merely had the opportunity to pursue their greedy ambitions without any moral constraints. Horrux’s ideology is revealed as a thin, self-serving veil. He concocted the entire belief system to justify his exploitation of non-white people and invested his entire morality in this ladder of civilizations being real. Without this justification, he might be forced to confront the moral reality of his actions. Since Horrux can never conceive of himself as immoral, he requires the ideology and safety of civilization’s ladder to make him feel as though he’s on a mission from God. In reality, he’s a greedy colonialist who wants to make money through exploiting others. Everything else, as Goose demonstrates, is elaborate window dressing.

The ease with which Goose rips apart Horrux’s ideology foreshadows the revelation that he has been poisoning Ewing. As events move toward a dramatic conclusion, the deception and lies become clearer. Colonial and racial justifications are dismissed in favor of Goose’s favorite mantra: “The weak are meat the strong do eat” (524). The mantra explains Horrux’s actions, helps Ewing see the exploitation that exists at the heart of colonialism and slavery, and begins to make Ewing doubt other parts of his supposed reality. Unfortunately for him, he begins to question Goose only when the doctor reveals his true intentions. Like Horrux’s self-justifying ideology, the friendship between Goose and Ewing was a hollow pretext to justify greedy ambitions. Goose wants to steal everything from Ewing and poisoned him for precisely this purpose. Just as slavery and colonialism in the name of greed are poisoning society, Ewing realizes, Goose has been pumping his body full of chemicals. Once he recovers, Ewing dedicates his life to combatting Goose’s mantra. He becomes an abolitionist, seeking to protect the weak from becoming meat. As demonstrated in other chapters, he has only limited success. The dynamic that Goose describes echoes across the centuries—supporting the theme of Eternal Recurrence—to the point that in Sonmi’s society, the supposedly strong non-fabricants deliberately cannibalize the supposedly weak fabricants. Nevertheless, Ewing resolves to fight on behalf of the weak. His resolution, his willingness to challenge the status quo in the name of liberty, echoes just as strongly across the ensuing generations, as portrayed in the lives of each of the novel’s other protagonists. As much as Goose’s words ring true throughout time, so does the desire of good people like Ewing to fight on behalf of the weak.

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