67 pages 2 hours read

China Rich Girlfriend

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2015

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Prologue-Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Prologue Summary

September 9, 2012. Edison Cheng hops a flight to London from Hong Kong to escort a client of his banking firm, Bao Shaoyen, whose son has been in a car accident. Eddie, who only flies first class, finds Mrs. Bao sitting in economy class, though her husband owns one of China’s biggest pharmaceutical firms. Carlton Bao crashed his Ferrari into a Jimmy Choo shop in London, killing one of his passengers, a Chinese girl, and injuring another, a British girl. Eddie is prepared to bribe the press to keep silent about the dead young woman so as not to harm Mr. Bao’s political career.

Eleanor Young, in London to do some banking and shopping with her friends, runs into Eddie, her nephew, who asks her help in dealing with the distraught Bao Shaoyen. Eleanor notes a resemblance between Carlton Bao and Rachel Chu, her son Nick’s fiancée.

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary: “The Mandarin”

Hong Kong, January 25, 2013. Christie’s auction house asks Oliver T’sien, one of their specialists, to oversee the auction of a classical Chinese artwork, a painting composed of several silk scrolls called The Palace of the Eighteen Perfections. Corinna Ko-Tung meets her clients, Lester and Valerie Liu, at the Mandarin Hotel to discuss how they might acquire the painting. Lester’s family runs a large insurance agency and Valerie is the daughter of an anesthesiologist, and after they met at the University of Sydney, this couple, “with an ever-growing fortune and ever-refining taste, […] was ambitiously striving to make their mark on the power scene in Asia” (27). Corinna comes from an old and established Hong Kong family and provides personal consulting services to the socially aspiring, newly rich on how to gain acceptance among the upper class. She advises the Lius on dress, etiquette, and unspoken social rules.

At the auction, bidding for the painting is fast and furious. Corinna represents the Lius. A woman makes a dramatic entrance with two dogs and is identified as the former actress, Kitty Pong, now the wife of billionaire Bernard Tai. Reports on the auction alternate with scenes from the other bidders, including Araminta Khoo, the hospitality heiress, and Astrid Leong, who is at the supermarket shopping for dinner. Kitty Pong wins the paintings with a bid of $195 million, a new record.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary: “Cupertino, California”

February 9, 2013. Rachel Chu and Nick Young are visiting her family in California for a Chinese New Year celebration. Rachel’s family is very down to earth except for Aunt Belinda, who dresses pretentiously and brags about the expensive places they vacation. Rachel shows off her engagement ring, which is too small to impress Belinda, who judges it by size and doesn’t recognize the ring’s value. Rachel describes the proposal that Nick orchestrated in Paris and discusses how she has been to China searching for her father. Her mother, Kerry, has not been in touch with him since she left China when Rachel was a baby, and Rachel has had no luck locating him.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “Scotts Road”

Singapore, February 9, 2013. Eleanor visits Bao Shaoyen, who has brought her son to Singapore to recuperate and has bought an expensive flat for them. Eleanor is more alarmed than impressed by the car elevator that takes her up to their floor. Carlton is still in a wheelchair but making progress in his recovery, and Eleanor views him as an overindulged only son. Bao Shaoyen gives Eleanor an Hermès handbag to thank her for her help. Eleanor protests at the expensive gift, but Carlton shows her a room in his mother’s suite where the floor is covered with Hermès handbags. The private detective Eleanor hired to investigate the Baos informed her that they are extremely rich. As she leaves, Eleanor hears Mrs. Bao chastising Carlton for telling Eleanor too much about their business.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary: “Ridout Road”

Astrid sends an email to Charlie Wu, her friend and ex-fiancé, telling him about her work with the Fine Arts Museum, her husband Michael’s acquisition of new tech companies, and their new house, which Michael is filling with antique cars and weapons. Charlie replies with chat about his two daughters. Their emails are nostalgic, affectionate, and friendly, but Astrid feels Charlie is holding something back.

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary: “Tyersall Park”

Singapore, Chinese New Year. Lillian May Tan takes her family to visit Shang Su Yi at her estate of Tyersall Park. She warns her family not to mention Nicky, Su Yi’s grandson. Lillian appreciates the elegant beauty of Tyersall Park and the “sense of being in an enchanted time warp” (65). Felicity Leong and Victoria Young, Su Yi’s daughters, gossip about the Tan family as they arrive, including wondering how dark the Indonesian girl that Eric Tan married is. Lillian greets Eleanor and asks if she is going to California soon. Eleanor is confused because she hasn’t spoken to Nick for years. Astrid enters, wearing a delicately understated gown, and Eleanor asks her if Nick and Rachel are getting married in California. Eleanor is upset that her husband, Philip, received an invitation but turned it down because Eleanor was not invited after the way she had treated Rachel on a previous visit. Eleanor bribes Astrid’s son, Cassian, to tell her when the location of the wedding.

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary: “Morton Street”

New York. Astrid warns Nick via text message that his mother found out about the wedding. Eleanor leaves a series of messages on Nick and Rachel’s answering machine. Rachel asks Nick if he wants to find out what his mother is calling about. They have chosen not to have a traditional, Chinese wedding but a private celebration, with only his cousins Astrid and Alistair attending from Nick’s side.

A couple of weeks later, two tall, blonde bodyguards enter Nick’s classroom at New York University and demand he come with them. They escort him to the cruise terminal, where he is led onto a yacht and received by Jacqueline Ling, a friend of the Young family and Su Yi’s goddaughter. Jacqueline is still beautiful for her age and the mistress of a Norwegian billionaire. She advises Nick not to marry Rachel and risk being cut off by his grandmother, who would otherwise leave him Tyersall Park. Jacqueline, who doesn’t have a fortune of her own, warns Nick that it is difficult to live among the very rich and feel like a hanger-on. Nick says he is happy with his life and his inheritance isn’t worth giving up happiness with Rachel.

Part 1, Chapter 7 Summary: “Belmont Road”

Singapore, March 1, 2013. Eleanor and her friend, Carol Tai, attend a tea party hosted by the Singhs. Once an excuse by Mrs. Singh to display her lavish jewelry, the event is now a charity gala run by her daughter-in-law to display works of art. Eleanor and Carol think the art is ugly and miss the jewels. As the friends gossip, Eleanor reveals that she has learned something about the Baos. Mrs. Singh invites the women to her private tea party, where she has some of her jewels on display. Eleanor thinks it feels “like being at a pajama party inside the vault of Harry Winston” (95). As they try on the pieces, Carol bemoans that she is unable to get in touch with her son, Bernard, or her three-year-old granddaughter, while Kitty seems to be everywhere. Carol says that his father locked up Bernard’s trust fund, so they wonder where Kitty is getting all the money she is spending.

Part 1, Chapter 8 Summary: “Diamond Ballroom, Ritz-Carlton Hotel”

Hong Kong, March 7, 2013. A “Social Swells” gossip column by Leonardo Lai reports on a charity event, naming several rich notables, including Michael Teo and his wife “Astor,” whom Lai says was wearing drab earrings. Lai describes how Mrs. Bernard Tai (former soap star Kitty Pong) was so overcome during a speech made by Sir Francis Poon that she rushed onstage announcing she would donate $20 million to his foundation.

Astrid, at the Hong Kong International Airport on her way to California, exchanges text messages with Charlie after they saw each other at the event and Charlie met Michael. Astrid reveals how strict her parents are about her having her name in the press. She laughs at all the ladies trying to outdo each other and is amused that the columnist didn’t recognize the value of Astrid’s earrings, which once belonged to a Russian empress. Astrid and Charlie agree that Kitty stole the spotlight from Sir Francis and they wonder where she has Bernard locked up.

As their exchange ends, Charlie, in his office, reflects that it tortures him to talk to Astrid, but he can’t seem to stop. He is miserable in his marriage, his wife hates him, and Astrid makes him happy. He decides to fly to Los Angeles to meet her.

Part 1, Chapter 9 Summary: “The Locke Club”

Hong Kong, March 9, 2013. Kitty Pong is eager to visit the Locke Club, Hong Kong’s most exclusive dining club. She’s been invited as the guest of Evangeline de Ayala, who was impressed by Kitty’s donation to Sir Francis Poon’s foundation. However, Ava Poon, Sir Francis’s wife, is dining at the club and sees Kitty. To her great distress, Evangeline is turned away from the club and her membership is revoked. Corinna Ko-Tung finds Kitty standing in the street and takes her to lunch. She explains that Kitty insulted the Poons by cutting in on Sir Francis’s speech and goes on to explain what it will entail to overhaul Kitty’s image and make her acceptable in Hong Kong’s high society. Corinna tries to explain the intricate social and familial networks, like the influence of the Young family, of which Kitty is unaware, and persuades Kitty to hire her as a personal advisor.

Part 1, Chapter 10 Summary: “Arcadia”

Montecito, California, March 9, 2013. Rachel shows her bridesmaids her wedding gown, which she found at a sample sale in New York after Nick took her shopping in Paris. The Chus are awed when the glamorous Araminta and Astrid arrive for the rehearsal. Nick gets a warning text from his father just before a helicopter descends. Eleanor emerges and says she wants to give Rachel the chance to meet her father before her wedding. His name is Bao Gaoliang and he’s one of the top politicians in Beijing. Eleanor takes Rachel, Nick, and Kerry, Rachel’s mother, to the Four Seasons Biltmore in Santa Barbara to meet Rachel’s father, whom Kerry knew as Kao Wei.

Part 1, Chapter 11 Summary: “Four Seasons Biltmore”

Santa Barbara, California. Eleanor and Nick talk privately about how Eleanor recognized Carlton’s resemblance to Rachel and tracked down his father’s history using a private investigator. (This same investigator, in Crazy Rich Asians, produced the information that Kerry’s husband was a mob boss being held in a Chinese prison, but he ultimately turned out not to be Rachel’s birth father.) Kao Wei was a nickname for the young man who had an affair with Kerry and helped her escape her abusive husband, whom she had married young. Kao Wei then changed his name to advance his career, which was why Rachel was unable to locate him.

Eleanor reminds Nick that she interfered in his relationship with Rachel because she knew his Ah Ma, Su Yi, would never approve, and Eleanor knows what it is like to be the disliked daughter-in-law. She also advises Nick that Bao Gaoliang is very rich, saying, “these people aren’t just everyday rich with a few hundred million. They are China rich!” (138). And they only have one son. Nick is disgusted with his mother’s calculations but realizes that wealth and standing are important to her. Nick allows his mother to attend their wedding if Rachel forgives her. Eleanor says she will call Nick’s father, Philip, who lives in Sydney most of the time. She begs Nick to cut his hair before the ceremony.

Part 1, Chapter 12 Summary: “Arcadia”

Montecito, California. The narrator shares various thoughts and observations of the guests and participants at Nick and Rachel’s wedding. Eleanor gossips about the wedding with Astrid. Nick and Rachel dance to Cyndi Lauper singing “Time After Time.” Astrid gets a text from Charlie inviting her to meet up. Rachel tells Nick that her father invited them to visit him in China over the summer.

Part 1 Analysis

Part 1 introduces the three narrative threads that twine throughout the book: Rachel’s quest to find out about her father, the tensions in Astrid’s marriage, and the social climbing antics of Kitty Pong. Several devices besides straight third-person omniscient narration are used to convey events, including newspaper articles, text messages, and emails between principal characters.

The theme of Social Climbing Versus Acceptance is introduced with the Lius and their efforts to raise their position by acquiring valuable art, though they are one-upped by Kitty, who demonstrates no awareness of limits on her spending. In contrast to this ostentatious display of wealth, the discretion emphasized by other characters who hold and enforce distinctions of class, taste, and cultural value over gaudy displays of expensive items, signals the novel’s delineation between old and new wealth, and the ways in which the former classifies the values and pursuits of the latter as vulgar. The most amusing example of this is Mrs. Singh, who holds a private party to display her jewels for the amusement of her friends.

The discretion, or lack of discretion around the display of wealth, differs across generations as well as backgrounds. While Eleanor Young keeps the extent of her fortune under wraps and doesn’t want even her family to know about her financial business, her nephew Edison Cheng wants to be recognized and admired for his wealth and taste. The Khoos represent a different example as a young couple who wants to use their wealth to pursue their passions and enhance their comfort and quality of life. The Lius, as a further example, wish to become socially prominent and seek advice on how to build their reputation in acceptable ways.

The Baos present yet another variation of this theme. They harbor political aspirations but, while Bao Shaoyen will spend any amount she deems necessary on her son, she is thrifty about her own comfort, flying economy class instead of first. She is strategic about how she uses her wealth. While she will give expensive handbags as gifts, she doesn’t wish to boast by showing guests the extent of her wealth. Carlton, the heir who has grown up with his every desire fulfilled, and thus has never learned discipline or restraint, feels no such need for discretion. He prioritizes his comfort, to the extent of having a car elevator in his apartment, which his mother indulges because she sees the practical applications, as he is currently still using a wheelchair.

The novel describes a third use of wealth that falls somewhere between strategy and excess—a display that might be called virtuous or the “right” kind of rich. Kevin Kwan introduces this idea satirically with the charity gala that Mrs. Singh’s daughter-in-law (another former actress who has married into wealth) replaces for the annual jewelry tea party, and he plays on it again with Kitty’s extravagant donation to the foundation established by Sir Francis Poon. As with the acquisition of the painting The Palace of Eighteen Perfections, which had little to do with her taste in art and everything to do with a display of her wealth, Kitty wants to be seen as philanthropic to gain attention and admiration from the social elite, emphasizing the Importance of Image and Status. Corinna, as the voice of the old-money establishment, informs Kitty that such displays are considered vulgar. Corinna, like Jacqueline Ling, is a woman who lives adjacent to wealth but has no fortune of her own, so has learned to profit from her knowledge by helping others enter the enclaves of high society.

Through the character of Corinna, Kwan comments on the class and culture divides at work across the novel’s social strata, one of which includes a resistance on the part of established island families in both Singapore and Hong Kong to immigrants from China, whom they call “Mainlanders” or “fresh off the boat.” An equally strong distinction is made between old money, which is more highly regarded among the most socially powerful, than newly acquired wealth. Corinna also observes the differences between the generations that had to work to build their wealth—like Eleanor, whose family lost their fortune during WWII—and those who have inherited their money. The younger generations who never knew the challenge of war or the toils of the Cultural Revolution or Great Leap Forward in China have a much different and looser attitude toward wealth.

For instance, while Nick acknowledges his mother’s obsession with preserving and passing on the family’s wealth, he has no interest in wealth for its own sake. In flying Rachel to Paris, orchestrating an elaborate proposal, buying her a valuable ring, and paying for an elegant wedding, he demonstrates that he is willing to spend money to make Rachel happy. He won’t, however, sacrifice a relationship with Rachel to gain an extravagant inheritance. Here again, Rachel and Nick parallel Colin and Araminta as the grounded couple who spend their money to please themselves but don’t value the money itself. While their overall values differ, Rachel is similar to Eleanor in that she, too, works for her money, and is intentional, thrifty and savvy about how she spends it. She doesn’t buy a couture wedding gown in Paris just to have a couture wedding gown from Paris. Instead, she shops until she finds the gown she likes, which happens to be on sale. Rachel represents a values-system defined by Real Value Versus Net Worth, unconcerned with wealth for its own sake and wary of over-dependent relationships to wealth. To her, the behaviors of the super-rich appear puzzling, amusing, ridiculous, or excessive.

Both Michael and Eddie’s spending habits emphasize The Importance of Image and Status in their social context and the attempt to use material possessions to communicate wealth. Like Eddie, who represents the danger of being too invested in image, Michael, Astrid’s husband, exemplifies the unhealthy aspect of having wealth—where it is viewed as indicating superiority rather than simply purchasing power. Michael has been investing in cars and other items that can serve to communicate his status to others—also Eddie’s concern—but Michael has a sense of superiority derived from the belief that he deserves what he has vis a vis his hard work, whereas other people—like Eddie—were born to wealth. The resentment Michael feels at having been scorned and underestimated by the elite prior to making his fortune, fuels this sense of superiority now that he believes himself to be one of them. The foil and contrast to Michael is Charlie, who built and runs a highly successful tech company but has none of Michael’s arrogance. Charlie instead seeks satisfaction in relationships—specifically, as his own marriage is unhappy, in Astrid’s company. Charlie and Nick, along with Nick’s father, Philip, would rather spend their time doing what they love, being with people they want to be with instead of endlessly pursuing the admiration and envy of others. The characters various relationships to wealth, and the impact of those relationships on their happiness, runs throughout the book.

In addition to displays of wealth and relationships to money, the novel explores questions of real value, particularly distinctions between displays of money and demonstrations of character. Certain artifacts have value as symbols of wealth, but fail to convey a deeper sense of character. The painting that Kitty buys demonstrates her spending power, but can’t imbue her with the social standing she covets. Bao Shaoyen gifts Eleanor a Hermès handbag, but the power of the gesture to convey gratitude is undercut by Carlton’s revelation that his mother has a roomful of the bags, so the gift is neither thoughtfully selected nor specific to the individual.

As a further play on the perceptions of Real Value Versus Net Worth, Rachel’s Aunt Belinda behaves as a smaller-scale example of Kitty, who prizes brand-name clothes and drops mentions of her expensive vacations as evidence of her wealth and good taste. But, Belinda doesn’t recognize the beauty or value of Rachel’s engagement ring, thinking its worth is only demonstrated by the size of the stone and not the cut of the jewel, the artistry of the setting, or the sentimental meaning it holds. Astrid also selects her apparel based on sentimental value or simply by what she likes, and the society columnist who marvels at the flashy jewelry of the attendees at the charity event misjudges the history and value of Astrid’s antique, heirloom pieces. Nick, Rachel, and Astrid represent the core characters who understand real value, which the novel seems to find primarily in fulfilling relationships and rewarding work, rather than in appearance or net worth.

The emergence of familial relationships as a theme in these chapters continues to define the novel’s own definition of Real Value Versus Net Worth. Rachel, who is close with her mother and the Chu side of the family, grew up thinking her father was dead. When she meets him, she isn’t interested in his wealth but rather getting to know him as a person. Rachel feels guilty that Nick has broken ties with part of his family in order to be with her, and she is content to allow Eleanor at the wedding as it reconciles Nick with his mother. Kitty, too, appears to have abandoned her family, as various characters wonder why her husband and child are not in evidence. Astrid is loyal to her family, obeying her father’s wishes for her to keep a low public profile, and is also devoted to trying to make her marriage a success and raise her son. Astrid is another character who values relationships over wealth, value over display, quality over quantity. Ending as it does with Rachel and Nick’s marriage, Nick’s reconciliation with his parents, and Rachel’s meeting with her father, the novel seems to root true value, in part, in genuinely affectionate family bonds.

Kwan employs the rhetorical device of footnotes as well as a satirical and often playful narrative tone in China Rich Girlfriend, to illuminate the characters’ quirks and foibles. The narrator pays great attention to how people dress and the name brands they use to indicate their wealth and status. There’s also a loving attention to food—one thing that is appreciated across social strata. Kwan liberally uses footnotes to translate expressions in another language, explain cultural practices, or give background and context to something a character says. While most of these footnotes speak to the world of the characters, and very often inject humor, they occasionally seem to capture the voice of Kwan as the author (for example, recalling his own school days on the bottom of 198), speaking to the reader in a direct address.

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