The former chair of the Federal Reserve, associated with the 2008 financial crisis. His admission of the failure of his long-standing model highlights ideological shifts.

Former leader of the Durham Ku Klux Klan who transformed his views on race during desegregation efforts. His journey exemplifies personal change through interaction with opposing viewpoints.

A 16th-century philosopher and scientist who addressed the influence of social forces on human error. His ideas provide a philosophical basis for society's role in shaping beliefs.

A criminology professor known for an experiment in 1902 that revealed the high fallibility of eyewitness testimony, illustrating the limitations of human memory.

A Shakespearean character noted for his doubtfulness, which is re-examined as prudent deliberation rather than a flaw. This character challenges assumptions about certainty and decision-making.

A woman with Anton’s Syndrome, unaware of her blindness, demonstrating the limitless nature of wrongness. Her condition prompts a discussion on confabulation.

A US politician known for his perceived indecisiveness during the 2004 presidential election. He exemplifies how changing one’s mind can be perceived negatively in leadership.

A British Enlightenment philosopher who believed in the gap between language and reality as a source of error. His ideas contribute to understanding the nature of human error.

A Scottish explorer whose 1818 mission was affected by a mirage, revealing the unreliability of perception. His experience underscores the potential for sensory errors.

A German philosopher known for his existential thought. He posited that error stems from human limitations in time and space, highlighting our constrained understanding of reality.

A woman who misidentified her assailant in 1985. Her story explores themes of denial and acceptance regarding mistakes in identification.

An ancient Greek philosopher who conceptualized platonic love and its role in shaping human connections and perceptions of love's permanence.

An ancient Greek philosopher who advocated for radical relativism, denying an objective reality. His ideas contextualize the philosophical approach to error.

An English philosopher and proponent of experimental science. He stressed the role of societal influence in creating errors, contributing to a broader understanding of belief formation.

A 13th-century philosopher and theologian who linked error to original sin. His view represents a more pessimistic model of wrongness.

An English philosopher who proposed that error in others is a source of comedy, affirming the perceived superiority of being right.

A historian and philosopher who argued that scientific inquiry is guided by existing theories, paralleling the way belief systems evolve after crises.

An American philosopher known for his exploration of consciousness, emphasizing the challenge of understanding others' internal realities, which informs perspectives on divergent viewpoints.

A 19th-century philosopher who advocated for pragmatism, accepting error as a part of the ever-evolving pursuit of truth.

A preacher who predicted the apocalypse in 1844, only for nothing to occur. His story illustrates the human response to error through belief revision.