Aspects of the Novel

Forster repeatedly argues that the novel is the most human of all the arts. It is based on the simple story, which is the most primitive form of human communication. In this way, the novel reaches back to the instinctual human need for connection. Its primitive origin keeps the novel grounded in day-to-day human lives and interactions rather than soaring to the heights achievable by more abstract art forms. However, that very grounding also establishes a foundation from which the novel can affect humanity more profoundly than other art forms. Since the novel concerns itself with human behavior, thought, action, and nature, it has the power to affect people. Throughout Aspects of the Novel, Forster focuses on the humanity inherent in the art form of the novel, which speaks to its power beyond entertainment or communication.

The novel’s focus on human lives and interactions is highlighted in Forster’s discussion of people—specifically in his distinction between real people and the people in novels, or characters. He says the biggest difference between characters and real people is that characters can focus on the emotions and actions that transcend simple bodily needs. The primary examples of this are the elements of life that are generally absent from the novel—chiefly food and sleep, in Forster’s discussion.