An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland

Andrew Marvell is one of the most well-known English metaphysical poets. Poets of the metaphysical movement, such as John Donne and George Herbert, use unique conceits, juxtapositions, and reflective turns to explore philosophical ideas related to their subjects. Marvell was also politically involved throughout most of his life, and served in various positions under both English general Oliver Cromwell and King Charles II.

Marvell’s “An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell’s Return from Ireland” reflects his poeticism and political life. Marvell composed the poem shortly after King Charles I’s execution at the hands of Cromwell’s Parliamentary army in 1649. The poem’s ostensive aim is to celebrate Cromwell’s victory and conquest of England, Scotland, and Ireland. To this end, the poem characterizes Cromwell as an unlikely man of action predestined to take England through his martial abilities. As a true metaphysical poet, Marvell complicates the poem’s depiction of Cromwell by providing an equally sympathetic view of Charles.

“An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell’s Return from Ireland” remains one of Marvell’s most well-known and cited poems for its depiction of both rulers. Written in 1650, Marvell circulated the work privately until its publication in 1681.

Poet Biography

Andrew Marvell was born on March 21, 1621, in Winestead-in-Holderness.