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Armand Gamache and his godfather Stephen Horowitz sit and chat in the garden of the Musée Rodin in Paris. When Stephen reminds Armand about the time Armand thought he’d propose to Reine-Marie in the same garden, Armand recalls his first time in Paris. As a child, his parents died, and he was sent to live with Stephen in his apartment in Paris. Stephen taught Armand to see beauty in art and in life again.
In the present, 50 years later, the two men stand in front of the statue The Gates of Hell. They think back to the day when Armand had told Stephen that he would be proposing. Armand, now in his 50s, and Stephen, now in his 90s, chat about Armand’s children. Armand has a historically strained relationship with his son Daniel, who lives in Paris and works as a banker. Armand’s suspicions are aroused when Stephen asks how Armand and Daniel are truly getting along. Armand believes he and his son’s problems are in the past. Armand’s daughter Annie is a lawyer and is married to Jean-Guy, a former detective who used to be under Armand’s direction. Now, Jean-Guy and Annie also live in Paris, Jean-Guy works in the private sector, and Annie’s new baby is due any day.
They end the conversation with a plan to gather the family for dinner. Stephen repeats his favorite quote from Shakespeare’s The Tempest: “Hell is empty, and all the devils are here.”
Jean-Guy Beauvoir worked for Armand in Québec for years and has recently moved to Paris with his wife, Armand’s daughter Annie, to work for a private engineering firm. He is buoyed by the safety of his new job but insecure about how he could have managed to get such a high position in a private company after years as a detective. He is particularly uncomfortable with his colleague Séverine Arbour. His boss, Madame Gossette, encourages him to work more with Séverine.
On a flight to one of their job sights implementing new environmental equipment, Jean-Guy asks Madame Gossette how he got his job. She implies that his work as a detective is valuable to her. Because her firm is now conducting tricky humanitarian work, someone with his skills set is good for them. Jean-Guy has the ability to root out corruption and advocate for doing the right thing. So when Séverine stops by his office to try to speak with him about their upcoming Luxembourg project, Jean-Guy wants to work with her but finds her odd and distant. He leaves the office to help Annie with their son Honoré before dinner. When he is gone, Séverine sends something on her computer that she knows will put her past the point of no return.
Stephen, Armand, his wife Reine-Marie, their children, and their spouses all gather at a restaurant for dinner. Though everything is going amiably, they can all sense tension between Daniel and his father. They have had a difficult relationship since Daniel was a child, and Armand maintains to Reine-Marie that he doesn’t know what he had done to cause the fissure. Daniel and Armand’s soured further when Armand met Jean-Guy at work and the two formed a father-son bond.
Jean-Guy mentions the Luxembourg project, and Stephen asks him if he suspects anything fishy. They laugh it off and continue chatting and dining. They finish their dinner and leave the restaurant, pausing to admire the Eiffel Tower light up at 11 o’clock.
While crossing the street, Stephen is purposely struck by a delivery van that speeds away. Jean-Guy chases after the car while Reine-Marie calls for an ambulance and Armand kneels over Stephen. Reine-Marie tries to stop the traffic while Stephen lays in the street, and a car nearly hits her and Armand. Armand feels Stephen’s pulse still beating and tells him to hang on.
Armand rides in the ambulance with Stephen to the hospital. The rest of the family joins them there, as does Claude Dussault, a friend of Armand’s and the Prefect of Police in Paris. Waiting for news about Stephen’s condition, Armand is reminded of the lives lost under his direction. Claude asks Armand about what he saw, and he is surprised when he finds out that the victim is the billionaire Stephen Horowitz. A nurse steps out to inform the men that Stephen is alive, but he is in critical condition and might not survive the necessary surgery. Armand goes to the waiting room to tell his family the news and send them home. Daniel apologizes for not helping during the crisis. Annie wonders aloud if the attack was random or if the driver knew Stephen.
Reine-Marie contemplates the horror of the night’s events in the bath. She realizes that the car that stopped just inches from her would have hit Armand if she had not been there. She knows the police officers didn’t believe their claim that the attack was no accident. Meanwhile, Armand and Claude stay at the hospital waiting for more news about Stephen. They discuss Stephen’s past and how he came to know Armand’s family during World War II. Though Claude categorizes the attack as a hit-and-run, he assures Armand that he will put his second-in-command, Irena Fontaine, on the case and will treat it as attempted murder. A doctor steps through the swinging doors.
When Armand returns home from the hospital, he checks in with his family. He asks Jean-Guy if Stephen had said anything at dinner that could point to trouble. Jean-Guy said the only thing amiss was that Stephen, who doesn’t like phones at the dinner table, was constantly checking his cell phone. Armand recalls his conversation with Stephen about the city being full of devils and worries that he missed a clue.
Armand and Reine-Marie go back to the hospital to check in on Stephen. Because Armand is Stephen’s next-of-kin, the doctor informs him about Stephen’s medically induced coma and warns Armand that he may need to make the final decision about Stephen’s future. When Armand goes in to see Stephen, Reine-Marie is given Stephen’s belongings. She is reminded of his things she had picked up from the street the night he was hit and takes those items out. She notices something odd about his keys.
Reine-Marie convinces the police officer guarding Stephen’s hospital room door to let her in. Shocked by the appearance of Stephen bandaged up beyond recognition, she is reminded of a time when she saw Armand in similar danger. She tells Armand she’s found something, and together they go through Stephen’s box of belongings. The odd thing about his keys is that even though Stephen has an apartment in Paris, he was carrying a hotel room key. Armand and his wife wonder if it could be their friend and Stephen’s maybe-girlfriend Ruth Zardo who could have been staying in the hotel room.
Armand and Reine-Marie go to the Hotel George V and use Stephen’s key to enter his room. A maid in the hallway sees them so they know they don’t have much time. The room is an enormous luxury suite, and when they find food and Stephen’s belongings in the rooms, they can confirm that he’s been staying here instead of his apartment—but they also find another man’s belongings in a carry-on suitcase in a second bedroom.
There is a knock at the door, and Reine-Marie stalls the hotel manager while Armand swipes the contents of Stephen’s desk, including his laptop, into the hospital box of belongings. He re-seals the box, and when questioned by the hotel manager, he refuses to unseal the box per hospital policy. Reine-Marie and Armand pay 10% of Stephen’s bill, an enormous sum of money.
Armand and Reine-Marie move on to search Stephen’s apartment. The minute they enter, they know something is wrong. Furniture, lamps, and artwork are strewn about, and a man is dead on the floor. Armand notices two gunshot wounds, one in the man’s head and one in his back. Reine-Marie and Armand smell cologne in the air, a sign that the killer is still in the apartment. Armand has Reine-Marie leave the building while he tries to lock the doors to corner the intruder. He hears a slam and realizes the intruder has escaped down the fire escape. Armand pursues the intruder, and by the sound of his steps Armand can tell that it’s an older man. Armand chases him to the street, but to no avail. He loses him before he can see him.
Claude Dussault arrives at the apartment with police officers. He and Armand tour the apartment, debating preliminary theories. It is possible that the intruder killed the stranger in the living room for being in the wrong place at the wrong time, interrupting his search. It is also possible that the search in the apartment and the attempted murder of Stephen are unrelated. Of note is that nothing was stolen; Stephen’s priceless artworks are strewn around but not taken. It becomes clear to the two detectives that at some point, the intruder began to panic. Every room in the apartment is destroyed: mattresses ripped open, even cereal littered around the kitchen. Irena Fontaine arrives at the crime scene, and Armand tells her and Claude about the hotel room. Mystified, the detectives are at least all in agreement that Stephen intentionally struck by the van, as Armand always insisted. The coroner arrives.
The coroner examines the body at the scene. She decides that the man had been killed between twelve and twenty-four hours ago. Jean-Guy arrives to help, annoying Fontaine. Armand finds the man’s wallet in a hidden pocket in his jacket. They find his passport and discover that his name is Alexander Francis Plessner, from Ontario. They also find a business card with Stephen’s name on it, but the business card is actually a secret code for Stephen’s most intimate acquaintances. There is no phone number or address on the card, but when Stephen wants someone to have unfettered access to him, he gives them the card with his name on it and writes out JSPS. Armand explains that JSPS stands for “Just Some Poor Schmuck,” something his grandmother Zora would call Stephen.
Armand gives the brief version of his family history in order to help the others understand. Zora had been sent to Auschwitz during World War II and was one of three people on her train of 1,000 to have survived. Zora met Armand’s father when he was helping resettle refugees from the Holocaust in Montreal. When Armand’s parents died, Zora and Stephen were forced together even though Zora didn’t like Stephen. Stephen kept her name for him as an inside joke, something he could use to differentiate between superficial friends and truly loved ones. As the detectives all continue investigating the apartment, Claude privately advises Armand to keep Jean-Guy away from the crime scenes. Jean-Guy is treading on the toes of Paris’s finest, and Claude tells Armand that he knows Jean-Guy is no longer on the force in Québec anyway. Claude also tells Armand that he read about Jean-Guy’s alcoholism and drug addiction, but Armand rebukes Claude, reminding him that the danger of their job drives many good people to bad poisons.
Reine-Marie waits for Armand at the Hotel Lutetia. She can’t stop thinking about the dead body in the apartment. As a librarian and archivist, Reine-Marie is good at connecting seemingly disparate facts together. But this mystery is in the present and poses a threat. Armand finally joins her with Claude and Jean-Guy. Armand tells Claude and Jean-Guy about the Hotel George V, and they all go through Stephen’s belongings in the sealed box, searching for a clue. Armand has hidden Stephen’s agenda, but everything else is in the box. They puzzle over two nickels glued together, the shattered telephone, and a laptop they don’t know the password to. Then, Jean-Guy finds a document with the logo of GHS Engineering, his new firm. Armand admits that he had asked Stephen to help set Jean-Guy up with this new job. The two men go into another room to talk. Jean-Guy feels manipulated and lied to. Armand explains that he just wanted Jean-Guy in a new, safe space. Jean-Guy relaxes and accepts Armand’s apology. Then, Armand tells him about the scent of cologne in the air when he and Reine-Marie had first entered Stephen’s apartment. He tells Jean-Guy that the cologne is the same scent that Claude is wearing.
The first few chapters of All the Devils Are Here jumpstart the plot and build the tension of the novel.
The first chapter immediately foreshadows the central conflict of the beginning of the book. Stephen Horowitz ominously quotes Shakespeare’s The Tempest, “Hell is empty and all the devils are here.” In The Tempest, these lines are spoken by Ferdinand, the song of the King. In the moment he speaks “Hell is empty and all the devils are here,” Ferdinand observes the evil in the people around him, the people he once trusted. This quote (also paralleled in the title of the novel) is made even more important at the end of Chapter 11, when Armand reveals his suspicions of Claude to Jean-Guy. The point of the quote, and the original intention behind Ferdinand’s realization, is that because we tend to think of devils as being in hell (that is, in a separate place), we tend then to miss the devils living among the people closest to us. Claude Dussault, a friend and fellow homicide investigator, would be the ideal example of a nearby devil, if it is indeed true that he was involved in the attempt on Stephen’s life.
The revelation that Claude could be involved in the attempted murder of Stephen and the murder of Alexander Plessner is indicative of many important tropes in the mystery-thriller fiction genre. Claude could be an ideal antagonist because he disguises himself as a protagonist. The dichotomy between good and bad is important in mystery-thrillers because it is reflective of our human psychology and the reality that all of us are a little bit bad and a little bit good. The suspicion of Claude also harkens back to Armand’s own assertion in earlier chapters that detectives all too often commit to their first theories, which are inevitably often incorrect. Is it possible, then, that Armand is jumping to conclusions here about Claude? Detective work, as explained throughout these chapters, relies on intuition and forcing yourself to look at what’s right there in front of you. Therefore, Armand cannot also simply let go of his suspicions of Claude. Penny foreshadows two different, possible destinies for Claude: redemption or damnation.
Mystery-thriller novels rely on many structural and literary devices to keep the reader engaged in suspense. Real-world possibilities, metaphors, moments of foreshadowing, and the slow revealing of characterization all work together in the first chapters of All the Devils Are Here to propel the mystery and tension of the story.
Real-world possibilities are an important plot point in this genre. Without the potential to place the reader in the world of the mystery-thriller, the story will be difficult to follow or uninteresting. Mystery-thrillers work best as a genre when they the reader can extend their feelings of disbelief. Sure, it’s unlikely that what is happening to Armand Gamache would happen to most of Penny’s readers. But the point is that of possibility—just because it can’t happen to the reader doesn’t mean it’s impossible in the realm of reality. In All the Devils Are Here, Penny sets up these real-world possibilities early in the book. For example, when Stephen is hit by the delivery van, many people in Paris including the police might suspect a terrorist attack first. This plot point is reflective of real-world events, because in recent years Paris has indeed been the sight of several hit-and-run terrorist attacks. This makes the police officers’ caution to immediately call the attack on Stephen an attempted murder logical within the real-world framing of the story.
The inclusion of real-world situations is balanced out by Penny’s use of metaphors, also an important literary device in the mystery-thriller genre. The concepts of jell and devil are used symbolically throughout the first few chapters. Hell is used as a metaphor of both danger on Earth that happens around us, as well as the perilous and often tragic nature of Armand Gamache’s job. While real-world scenarios are used as a realistic access point for the reader, these metaphors of jell and devils fill in the imaginative holes where real-world experience isn’t applicable to the reader. How many readers of Louise Penny will know the stress, terror, and responsibility of homicide investigators? By comparing Armand’s work with Jean-Guy to sailing down the river Styx, for example, Penny can rely on imagery where real-life reader experience might not be accessible.
The primary literary device used in these chapters is foreshadowing. The reader is invited to participate in solving the mystery of who tried to kill Stephen Horowitz and why at the same time as Inspector Gamache through the clues that Penny artfully drops throughout the dialogue. Dropping narrative seeds throughout the chapters also keeps Penny’s narrative tension at a consistent high. These “seeds” are given in the form of plot holes, characterization, and in the ending of each chapter. In leaving off each chapter with an incomplete thought, an unfinished moment, or an unanswered question, readers are asked to make a guess about what will happen next, thus keeping their attention engaged.
Circling the main plot of the mystery in these chapters are the shifting dynamics between characters. For those who are new to the series, Penny provides rapid but detailed exposition about Armand Gamache’s past with his family and friends. These relationship dynamics are important because they help to characterize Armand as a protagonist. Details such as his long-standing but curious feud with his son, his close relationship with his son-in-law, and his memories of sending his officers into death or injury all serve to give the reader a larger picture of the sort of man Armand is. The more the reader sympathizes with Gamache’s attitudes and experiences, the more invested they can be on his journey throughout the novel. Just as readers of mystery-thrillers need real-world positions to truly appreciate the layers of the mystery, so too do they need a relatable protagonist to root for.
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By Louise Penny